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Indian Journal of Weed Science


Print ISSN: 0253-8050
Online ISSN: 0974-8164

NAAS rating: 5.17

Chief Editor

J.S. Mishra
Dr. J.S. Mishra
Principal Scientist, Division of Crop Research,
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region,
Bihar Veterinary College, Patna - 800014 (Bihar)
Mobile - +91 9494240904
Email- editorisws@gmail, jsmishra31@gmail.com

Associate editors

Bhagirath S. Chauhan

Dr. Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Queensland Alliance for Agricultureand Food Innovation
Level 2, Queensland Bioscience Precinct
The University of Queensland
St Lucia QLD 4069, Australia
Email: b.chauhan@uq.edu.au
A.N. Rao
Dr. A.N. Rao
Hydarabad, INDIA
Mobile Number: +91 9440372165
Email: adusumilli.narayanarao@gmail.com

CALL FOR RESEARCH PAPER

Indian Journal of Weed Science is inviting your articles, review article, Research article and Research note on all topics of weed science. IJWS welcomes quality work that focuses on research, development and review. We are looking forward for strict compliance to the modern age standards in all these fields. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.

Indian Journal of Weed Science (IJWS) is inviting papers for the VOL-53, ISSUE-1 March-(2021)


Article submission guideline

Enter your login details for IJWS below. If you do not already have an account you will need to.. Register here
Author login
  • Author Instruction
  • Style of Invited paper
  • Style of Research Article
  • Style of Research note

Paper Publication Process –

  • Manuscripts are received online in the editorial office with the certificate that MS has not been sent for consideration in any other journals for consideration.
  • Manuscripts are checked by office for its style and pattern and for plagiarism. If plagiarism is more than 20%, it is not considered and sent back to author for revision and re-submission.
  • If MS is found fit at Editorial office in context to plagiarism and style and pattern, it is sent to Chief Editor for further processing.
  • If chief Editor find the MS suitable for consideration, he shall suggest two name of referees as reviewers either from editorial board or from other institutions of concern discipline for reviewing the MS.
  • Editorial Office shall send the MS for double blind review to the reviewers suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Comments of double -blind reviewers will be sent to corresponding author without disclosing the identity of the reviewers to address the comments and re-submission of MS.
  • In case, one reviewer rejects while other accept the MS, it is sent to third reviewer suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Revised MS is again sent to reviewers to see whether their comments are addressed suitably.
  • On agreeing by the reviewers, the MS is again sent to Chief Editors with comments of reviewers and reply of author to take the final decision.
  • The final decision of Chief Editor is communicated to authors.

CALL FOR RESEARCH PAPER

Indian Journal of Weed Science is inviting your articles, review article, Research article and Research note on all topics of weed science. IJWS welcomes quality work that focuses on research, development and review. We are looking forward for strict compliance to the modern age standards in all these fields. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.

Indian Journal of Weed Science (IJWS) is inviting papers for the VOL-51, ISSUE-4 December-(2019)


Article submission guideline

Enter your login details for IJWS below. If you do not already have an account you will need to.. Register here
Author login
  • Author Instruction
  • Style of Invited paper
  • Style of Research Article
  • Style of Research note

Paper Publication Process –

  • Manuscripts are received online in the editorial office with the certificate that MS has not been sent for consideration in any other journals for consideration.
  • Manuscripts are checked by office for its style and pattern and for plagiarism. If plagiarism is more than 20%, it is not considered and sent back to author for revision and re-submission.
  • If MS is found fit at Editorial office in context to plagiarism and style and pattern, it is sent to Chief Editor for further processing.
  • If chief Editor find the MS suitable for consideration, he shall suggest two name of referees as reviewers either from editorial board or from other institutions of concern discipline for reviewing the MS.
  • Editorial Office shall send the MS for double blind review to the reviewers suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Comments of double -blind reviewers will be sent to corresponding author without disclosing the identity of the reviewers to address the comments and re-submission of MS.
  • In case, one reviewer rejects while other accept the MS, it is sent to third reviewer suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Revised MS is again sent to reviewers to see whether their comments are addressed suitably.
  • On agreeing by the reviewers, the MS is again sent to Chief Editors with comments of reviewers and reply of author to take the final decision.
  • The final decision of Chief Editor is communicated to authors.
Read More

Guidelines for Authors

Indian Journal of Weed Science is a quarterly journal publishing original research article, research notes, opinion articles and review articles (invited or with prior approval of the title reflecting substantial contributions of the author) covering all areas of weed science research. All contributions must be of a sufficient quality to extend our knowledge in weed science.

The papers submitted should not have been published or communicated elsewhere. Authors will be solely responsible for the factual accuracy of their contribution. Manuscript should not carry any material already published in the same or different forms.

  • Style of Invited paper
  • Style of Research Article
  • Style of Research note

Format

Full length article should be suitably divided into the following sub-sections; ABSTRACT, Key words, INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and REFERENCES. The heading, introduction need not be mentioned in the text.

Title

The title of article should be informative but concise and should not contain abbreviations. It should indicate the content of the article essential for key word indexing and information retrieval. It should be set in small and bold letters. A good title briefly identifies the subject, indicates the purpose of study and introduces key terms and concepts. Title should not be started with the waste words like 'a study of', 'effect of', 'influence of' , 'some observations on', 'a note of' etc. The title should indicate preferably English name or most popular common name of the crops or organisms studied, wherever relevant. Scientific name can be given in abstract and introduction. Authority for such a name should be given at first mention in the text. A short title should be given for running headlines and should cover the main theme of the article.

Author(s) name(s) and affiliations

The name(s) of the author(s) should be given in small letters with sentence case separated by 'comma' or by 'and'. Institute name where the research was carried out should be given in italics. If authors are of different institutes, these can be mentioned by allotting number like 1, 2 or 3 as superscript over the name of author. The affiliation of such author may be given below of the corresponding author email address. Sometimes authors retire and change frequently and wish to give their current address, this should be given as foot note. Email address of main author or corresponding author should be given at the bottom.

Abstract

The abstract should contain at least one sentence on each of the following: objective of investigation (hypothesis, purpose, collection, result and conclusions). Give complete scientific name for plants or other organisms and full name of any symbol or abbreviations used. There is a need to mention place, name and priod of study in abstract. Emphasis should be given to highlight the results and the conclusion of the study. It should not exceed a total length of 200-250 words. Abstract should not have the words like 'will be explained or will be discussed'.

Key words

(5 6) should be given at the end of the abstract and should be arranged alphabetically. Each key word should be started with capital letter and separated by comma ( , ) from other words.

Introduction

Introduction should be brief and to the point, cover the problem and should justify the work or the hypothesis on which it is based. In introduction, a detail review is not necessary. However, to orient readers, important references about previous concepts and research should be given. It should briefly state the currently available information and should identify the research gap that is expected to be abridged through this investigation. Give preference to recent references from standard research publication unless it is of historical importance or a landmark in that field.

Materials and Methods

This part should begin with information relating to period/season/year and place of study, climate or weather conditions, soil type etc. Treatment details along with techniques and experimental design, replications, plot size etc. should be clearly indicated. Use of symbols for treatments may be avoided and an abbreviation should be fully explained at its first mention. Crop variety, methodology for application and common cultivation practices should be mentioned. Known methods may be just indicated giving reference but new techniques developed and followed should be described in detail. Methods can be divided into suitable sub-headings, typed in bold at first level and in italics at second level, if necessary.

Results and Discussion

Results may be reported and discussed together to avoid duplication. Do not mention and recite the data in the text as such given in the table. Instead interpret it suitably by indicating in terms of per cent, absolute change or any other derivations. Relate results to the objectives with suitable interpretation of the references given in the introduction. If results differ from the previous study, suitable interpretation and justification should be given. Repeated use of statements like 'our results are in agreement’ or ‘similar results were reported’ 'should be avoided. At the end of results and discussion, conclusion of the study should be given in 2-3 sentences along with suggestion for further study, if any. All statistical comparisons among treatments may be made at P=0.05 level of probability.

Acknowledgement

The authors may place on record the help and cooperation or any financial help received from any source, person or organization for this study. This should be very brief.

References

Only relevant and recent references of standard work should be quoted. Preference should be given to quote references of journals over proceedings or reports. In general, not more than 15 references should be quoted in full paper and 5 in short communication. However, in review article, emphasis should be given to quote more references with each valid statement/findings in the text. There is no need to give references for standard procedures of soil and plant analysis, and for routine statistical analysis in practice, only the methodology may be indicated. As a thumb rule, all the references quoted in the text must appear at the end of the article and vice-verse. It has been decided to use full name of the journal after the year 2011 onwards. Therefore, references should include names of all authors, year, full title of the article quoted, full name of the journal in italics (no abbreviations), volume number (in Bold), issue number (in brackets) and pages. For books, monographs, theses etc. full title in italics, publisher or university name, volume no., if any, and relevant page range or total no. of pages should be given. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically on author's names and chronologically per author. Author name should be started with surname and initial letter with capital letter. There is no need to separate author's initials by full stop but it should be given in capital letters without gap. Each author name should be separated by comma (,) and last author name by ‘and’. A few examples of correct citation of references for Indian Journal of Weed Science are given below:

Singh Samunder, Punia SS, Yadav A and Hooda VS. 2011. Evaluation of carfentrazone-ethyl + metsulfuron-methyl against broadleaf weeds of wheat. Indian Journal of Weed Science 43(1&2): 12-22.

Neeser C and Varshney Jay G. 2001. Purple nutsedge; biology and principles for management without herbicides, Indian Journal of Pulses Research 14(1): 10-19.

Naseema A, Praveena R and Salim AM. 2004. Ecofriendly management of water hyacinth with a mycoherbicide and cashew nut shell liquid. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 10(1&2): 93-100.

Arya DR, Kapoor RD and Dhirajpant. 2008. Herbicide tolerant crops: a boon to Indian agriculture, pp 23-31. In: Biennial Conference on Weed Management in Modern Agriculture: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities. (Eds. Sharma RS, Sushilkumar, Mishra JS, Barman KK and Sondhia Shobha), 27-28 February 2008, Patna. Indian Society of Weed Science, Jabalpur.

Anonymous. 2006. Long-term herbicide trial in transplanted lowland rice-rice cropping system, pp 62-68. In: Annual Progress Report, AICRP on Weed Control, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

DWSR. 2010. Annual Report, 2010-11, pp 35-37. Directorate of Weed Science Research, Jabalpur.

Gopal B and Sharma KP. 1981. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) the most troublesome weeds of the world. Hindasia Publisher, New Delhi, 129 p.

Sushilkumar, Sondhia S and Vishwakarma K. 2003. Role of insects in suppression of problematic alligator weed (Altemanthera philoxeroides) and testing of herbicides for its integrated management. Final Report of ICAR Adhoc Project, 39 p.

For Web references: the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. e.g. http://www.faostat.fao.org (accessed 21 May 2019)

Length

Full length manuscript should not exceed 4500 words including space required for figures, tables and list of references. Research note can be up to 2500 words, with not more than 2 figures or tables. One season/year data should invariably be presented as research notes only.

Units, abbreviations and nomenclature

For physical units, unit names and symbols, the SI system should be employed. Biological names should be given according to the latest international nomenclature. Upon its first use in the title, abstract and text, the common name of a weed should be followed by the scientific name (genus, species and authority) in parentheses. If no common name exists in English, the scientific name should be used only. At the first mention of an herbicide or other chemical substance, give its generic name only. Trade names should not be used. Biological and zoological names, gene designations and gene symbols should be italicized. Yield data should be reported in kg/ha or t/ha. All such letters such as viz., et al., in situ, ex situ, Rabi, Kharif, i.e., etc. should be italicized.

Tables and figures

Tables and figures should be concise and limited to the necessary minimum. We encourage the authors to set tables and figures at the appropriate places in the article but if it is not possible, the same may be given separately. The title should fully describe the contents of the table and explain any symbol or abbreviations used in it. The standard abbreviations of the units of different parameters should be indicated in parentheses. Vertical lines should not be given in the tables and horizontal lines should be used to separate parameters and end of the table.

Figures may be preferred in place of table. In no case the same data should be presented by both tables and figures. While presenting data through line graphs, vertical bars, cylinders, pie charts etc, the same should be preferred with black lines or bars having different clear symbols and shades. The graphs chosen with colours reproduce poorly and should not be given unless it became necessary.

Some useful tips

Avoid numerals and abbreviations at the beginning of a sentence. Don't use superscript for per hectare, ton or meter (kg ha-1 or t ha-1) instead use kg/ha or g/m2, t/ha, mg/g, ml/l etc. Prefer to mention yield data in t/ha only. If it becomes necessary, give yield in kg/ha but not in quintal. Don't use lakh, crores or arabs in text, instead give such figures in million. Only standard abbreviations should be used and invariably be explained at first mention. Avoid use of self-made abbreviations like iso., buta., rizo., etc. Don't use first letter capital for names of plant protection chemicals but it should be used for trade names. Use of treatment symbols like T1 T2 T3 etc. should be avoided. All weights and measurements must be in SI or metric units. Use % after double digit figures, not per cent, for example 10% not 10 per cent. In a series of range of measurement, mention the units only at the end, e.g. 3,4,5 kg/ha instead of 3 kg/ha, 4 kg/ha and 5 kg/ha. Nutrient doses as well as concentration in soil and plant should be given in elemental form only, i.e. P and K should not be given as P2O5 K2O. A variety may be mentioned within single quotes in italic such as 'Pusa Basmai', 'Kufri Sinduri' etc. Statistical data should be given in LSD (P=0.05) instead CD (P=0.05).

Authors are requested to see the recent issue of the journal to prepare the manuscript as per the journal's format.

Manuscript submission

Manuscripts must conform to the journal style (see the latest issue). Correct language is the responsibility of the author. After having received a contribution, there will be a review process, before the Chief Editor makes the definitive decision upon the acceptance for publication. Referee's comments along with editors comments will be communicated to authors as scanned copy/soft copy through email. After revision, author should send back the copy of revised manuscripts to the Chief Editor, ISWS by e-mail only.

Editorial Board reserves the right to suitably modify, accept or reject the MS in view on the reviewer's advice.

We encourage submission of paper only by electronically via E-mail as one complete word document file. When preparing your file, please use only Times New Roman font for text (title 16, all heads 14 and text of 12 point, double spacing with 1.5" margin all the sides) and Symbol font for Greek letters to avoid inadvertent character substitutions.

All manuscripts should be submitted Online (http://www.isws.org.in/login_IJWS.aspx). For authors unable to submit their manuscript online

To see sample copy to prepare the manuscript, please Log on: http://www.isws.org.in/IJWSn/Journal.aspx

Peer Review Policy

All published articles in Indian Journal of Weed Science (IJWS) are subjected to rigorous peer review processes based on initial editor screening and anonymized refereeing by two referees. The ultimate purpose of peer review is to sustain the originality and quality of research work and filtration of poor quality and plagiarized articles. Peer review assures research quality.

Paper Publication Process –

  • Manuscripts are received online in the editorial office with the certificate that MS has not been sent for consideration in any other journals for consideration.
  • Manuscripts are checked by office for its style and pattern and for plagiarism. If plagiarism is more than 20%, it is not considered and sent back to author for revision and re-submission.
  • If MS is found fit at Editorial office in context to plagiarism and style and pattern, it is sent to Chief Editor for further processing.
  • If chief Editor find the MS suitable for consideration, he shall suggest two name of referees as reviewers either from editorial board or from other institutions of concern discipline for reviewing the MS.
  • Editorial Office shall send the MS for double blind review to the reviewers suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Comments of double -blind reviewers will be sent to corresponding author without disclosing the identity of the reviewers to address the comments and re-submission of MS.
  • In case, one reviewer rejects while other accept the MS, it is sent to third reviewer suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Revised MS is again sent to reviewers to see whether their comments are addressed suitably.
  • On agreeing by the reviewers, the MS is again sent to Chief Editors with comments of reviewers and reply of author to take the final decision.
  • The final decision of Chief Editor is communicated to authors.

Peer Review Policy

The practice of peer review is to ensure that only good science is published. It is an objective process at the heart of good scholarly publishing and is carried out by all reputable scientific journals. Our reviewers therefore play a vital role in maintaining the high standards of the (Indian Journal of Weed Science) Journal of Management and Research and all manuscripts are peer reviewed following the procedure outlined below.

Initial manuscript evaluation

The Editors first evaluate all manuscripts. In some circumstances it is entirely feasible for an exceptional manuscript to be accepted at this stage. Those rejected at this stage are insufficiently original, have serious scientific flaws, have poor grammar or English language, or are outside the aims and scope of the journal. Those that meet the minimum criteria are passed on to experts for review.

Authors of manuscripts rejected at this stage will be informed within 2 weeks of receipt.

Type of Peer Review

The (Indian Journal of Weed Science) employs double blind review, where the reviewer remains anonymous to the authors throughout the process.

How the reviewer is selected

Reviewers are matched to the paper according to their expertise. Our reviewer database contains reviewer contact details together with their subject areas of interest, and this is constantly being updated.

Reviewer reports

Reviewers are asked to evaluate whether the manuscript:

  • Is original
  • Is methodologically sound
  • Follows appropriate ethical guidelines
  • Has results which are clearly presented and support the conclusions
  • Correctly references previous relevant work

Reviewers are not expected to correct or copyedit manuscripts. Language correction is not part of the peer review process. Reviewers are requested to refrain from giving their personal opinion in the "Reviewer blind comments to Author" section of their review on whether or not the paper should be published. Personal opinions can be expressed in the "Reviewer confidential comments to Editor" section.

How long does the peer review process take?

Typically the manuscript will be reviewed within 2-8 weeks. Should the reviewers' reports contradict one another or a report is unnecessarily delayed a further expert opinion will be sought. Revised manuscripts are usually returned to the Editors within 3 weeks and the Editors may request further advice from the reviewers at this time. The Editors may request more than one revision of a manuscript.

Final report

A final decision to accept or reject the manuscript will be sent to the author along with any recommendations made by the reviewers, and may include verbatim comments by the reviewers.
Chief Editor's Decision is final
Reviewers advise the Editors, who are responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.

Special Issues / Conference Proceedings

Special issues and/or conference proceedings may have different peer review procedures involving, for example, Guest Editors, conference organizers or scientific committees. Authors contributing to these projects may receive full details of the peer review process on request from the editorial office.

Becoming a Reviewer for the (Indian Journal of Weed Science)

If you are not currently a reviewer for the (Indian Journal of Weed Science) but would like to be considered as a reviewer for this Journal, please contact the editorial office by e-mail at (editorisws@gmail.com), and provide your contact details. If your request is approved and you are added to the online reviewer database you will receive a confirmatory email, asking you to add details on your field of expertise, in the format of subject classifications.

Editorial Board

Editorial office:

Office Manager, Indian Society of Weed Science, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Maharajpur, Jabalpur, India 482 004

Publisher Address:

Secretary, Indian Society of Weed Science, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Maharajpur, Jabalpur, India 482 004

Principal Scientist
Division of Crop Research
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region
Bihar Veterinary College, Patna - 800014 (Bihar)

Chief Editor J.S. Mishra 9494240904 jsmishra31@gmail.com

The University of Queensland
St Lucia QLD 4069, Australia

Associate Editor Bhagirath Singh Chauhan b.chauhan@uq.edu.au

Consultant,
ICRISAT,
International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics
Patancheru, Hyderabad

Associate Editor A.N. Rao 9440372165 adusumilli.narayanarao@gmail.com

Editors

Professor,
Department of Agronomy, CCSHAU,
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana)

Ashok Kumar Yadav 9416995523 aky444@gmail.com

Professor & Head,
Division of Agronomy
FoA, Main Campus,
Chatha, SKUAST-Jammu (J&K)

B.C. Sharma 9419152428 drbhagwati@gmail.com

Principal
Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture
Affiliated to TNAU)
Manakkadavu, Pollachi-642103 (Tamil Nadu)

C. Chinnusamy 9443721575 chinnusamyc@gmail.com

Scientist,
ICAR - Directorate of Weed Research,
Jabalpur (Madhya Padesh)

Dibakar Ghosh 8989190213 dghoshagro@gmail.com

Principal Scientist
Department of Agronomy,
Assam Agricultural University
Jorhat - 785013 (Assam)

I.C. Barua 9435094326 iswar_barua@yahoo.co.in

Principal Scientist
PJTSAU, Hyderabad-30 (Telangana)

M. Madhavi 9491021999 molluru_m@yahoo.com

Assistant Agronomist
Directorate of Agriculture (Govt. of WB)
Kolkata 700001, West Bengal

Malay Kumar Bhowmick 9434239688 bhowmick_malay@rediffmail.com

Associate Professor
(Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry)
Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College & Research Institute (TNAU),
Trichy (Tamil Nadu)

P. Janaki 9443936160 janakibalamurugan@rediffmail.com

Assistant Chemist (Residue),
Department of Agronomy,
Punjab Agricultural University
Ludhina-141 004 (Punjab)

Pervinder Kaur 9646105418 pervi_7@yahoo.co.in

Sr. Agronomist, Directorate of Extension Education
Punjab Agricultural University
Ludhiana – 141004 (Punjab)

Simerjeet Kaur 9814081108 simer@pau.edu

College of Horticulture,
Vellanikkara. Thrissur – 680 656, (Kerala)

T. Girija 9447004940 girijavijai@gmail.com

Principal Scientist,
Directorate of Maize Research,
Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012

C.M. Parihar 9013172214 pariharcm@gmail.com

Indexing Indexing & Abstracting Services


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Volume- 39 | Issue-1&2 (Jan-Jun) | Year 2007

Effect of Adjuvants on Trifloxysulfuron Efficacy and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Sicklepod, Guineagrass, Yellow Nutsedge and Cotton
Samunder Singh and Megh Singh
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-1 | Volume: 39 Page No:1-12 |
Address & Email | Article preview | View PFD | Download

Abstract:

Trifloxysulfuron (CGA-362622) at 2.5, 5 and 10 g a. i./ha mixed with non-ionic (0.25% Induce and X-77), organosilicone (0.1% Kinetic and Silwet L-77) and crop oil concentrate (1.0 % Agridex and Meth-N-Oil) adjuvants was evaluated for bioefficacy, surface tension, contact angle and chlorophyll fluorescence responses in guineagrass (Panicum maximum L.), sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The lowest surface tension and contact angle were recorded with L-77 mixed with trifloxysulfuron. Among the six adjuvants, surface tension and contact angle were highest with Meth-N-Oil; however, these differences did not greatly influence herbicide efficacy. Decreasing or increasing the adjuvant concentrations from 1X to 0.5 or 4X with 10 g/ha trifloxysulfuron had only 2 to 4% variations in surface tension and contact angle compared to recommended rates (X) when data were averaged over adjuvants and concentrations. Adjuvants had no antagonistic effects for trifloxysulfuron activity on any weed species. Phytotoxicity symptoms of trifloxysulfuron on cotton disappeared after two weeks, but plant height and fresh weight were reduced 3 WAT compared to control plants. Reduction in plant height or fresh weight of cotton was similar for different adjuvants mixed with trifloxysulfuron. Guineagrass was less affected by trifloxysulfuron plus adjuvants than yellow nutsedge or sicklepod. Kinetic mixed with trifloxysulfuron was more effective in reducing plant height and fresh weight of guineagrass compared to other adjuvants; however, activities were comparable when data averaged over species and rates for different adjuvants. Chlorophyll fluorescence was reduced in all the species after herbicide application, but the reduction was not consistent with application rates, species and duration of 1, 4, 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence in treated plants of cotton was less than weeds, but followed no particular trend with herbicide rates or adjuvant interaction. Visual mortality of 17, 53 and 36% at 2 WAT in guineagrass, sicklepod and yellow nutsedge, respectively, was not visible in similar reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence, when data were averaged over treatments. Chlorophyll fluorescence may not be an ideal tool to predict herbicidal efficacy of trifloxysulfuron in the test species.

Email

sam4884@gmail.com

Address

Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana)
Influence of Tillage and Moisture Regimes with Soil Solarization on Weed Dynamics and Yield of Baby Corn-Groundnut Crop Sequence
M. N. Thimmegowda, H. V. Nanjappa and B. K. Ramachandrappa
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-2 | Volume: 39 Page No:13-16 |
Address & Email | Article preview | View PFD | Download

Abstract:

Thorough land preparation and irrigation upto field capacity for solarization was found effective in suppressing weeds and increasing the yield of baby corn followed by one ploughing + harrowing and 40 mm of irrigation. The combination of these treatments with one hand weeding at 30 days was crucial in suppressing the weeds and enhancing the productivity in succeeding crop of groundnut

Email


Address

H. V. Nanjappa and B. K. Ramachandrappa Department of Agronomy University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka)
Integrated Control of Hardy Weeds in Maize (Zea mays L.)
U. S. Walia, Surjit Singh and Buta Singh
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-3 | Volume: 39 Page No:17-20 |
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Abstract:

An experiment was conducted on the Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry, PAU, Ludhiana, during 2005 and 2006 in order to find out effective weed management methods for controlling hardy weeds of maize crop such as Acrachne racemosa, Commelina benghalensis and Brachiaria reptans, etc. During 2005, all the weed control treatments except alone application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha and alachlor 2.5 kg/ha produced significantly higher grain yield and less dry matter accumulation by weeds as compared to the recommended herbicide i. e. atrazine 1.0 kg/ha. During 2006, tank mix application of atrazine 0.75 kg+ pendimethalin 0.50 kg/haproduced significantly higher grain yield as compared to recommended herbicidal treatment. On the basis of mean values, it may be concluded that tank mix application of atrazine 0.75 kg + pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha, atrazine 0.75 kg + alachlor 1.25 kg/ha and atrazine 0.75 kg + trifluralin 1.2 kg/haincreased grain yield of maize by 48.3, 53.9 and 49.7% over unweeded control. Also integration of HW with pre-emergence application of atrazine 0.75 kg/ha, atrazine 0.50 kg + pendimethalin 0.50 kg/ha, atrazine 0.50 kg + alachlor 0.75 kg/ha and atrazine 0.5 kg + trifluralin 0.60 kg/ha produced significantly higher grain yield and less dry matter accumulation by weeds than pre-emergence application of atrazine 1.0 kg/ha and all these treatments increased grain yield by 68.4, 71.6, 64.6 and 68.9% over unweeded control and 14.7, 17.0,1 2.2 and 15.2% than atrazine 1.0 kg/ha.

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waliaus@rediffmail.com

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Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab)
Correlation and Regression Studies of Winter Maize and Weed Interactions
Parmeet Singh, Purshotam Singh and Joy Dawson
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-4 | Volume: 39 Page No:21-23 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy A. A. I (DU), Allahabad during 2002 on winter maize to assess the relationship amongst weed parameters, yield attributes and yield under the influence of different weed management practices. Grain yield of winter maize showed a significant positive correlation with WCE, number of cobs and cob length. On the contrary, these parameters were negatively correlated with the population and biomass of weeds at 60 DAS. A unit increase in weed population and weed biomass/m2 estimated reduction in grain yield by 0.79 and 1.418 q/ha, respectively. Similarly, the increase in the grain yield due to a unit increase in WCE (%) was estimated at 0.575 q/ha.

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Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University Allahabad-211 007 (Uttar Pradesh)
Efficacy of Penoxsulam on Weeds and Yield of Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa)
J. S. Mishra, Anil Dixit and Jay G. Varshney
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-5 | Volume: 39 Page No:24-27 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2005 and 2006 at Jabalpur to assess the efficacy of penoxsulam as pre-emergence (5 days after transplanting–DAT) and early post-emergence (10 DAT) in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). The major weeds were Echinochloa colona, Cyperus spp., Ammania baccifera, Lindernia crustacea, Eriocaulon spp., Caesulia axillaris, Alternanthera sessilis and Commelina spp. Infestation of weeds reduced grain yield of rice by 25.9%. Penoxsulam 22.5 g/ha applied at 10 days after transplanting was found most effective in controlling weeds and maximizing rice grain yield (6287 kg/ha). Early post-emergence application (10 DAT) of penoxsulam was better than its pre-emergence application (5 DAT) in increasing grain yield. Grain yield of rice was significantly and negatively correlated (r = -0.82) with weed dry matter.

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National Research Centre for Weed Science, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
Efficacy of New Herbicides for Weed Control in Transplanted Rice under Rice- Wheat System
Ishwar Singh, Mangat Ram and D. P. Nandal
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-6 | Volume: 39 Page No:28-31 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted at CCSHAU Rice Research Station, Kaul during kharif (rainy) seasons of 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the efficacy of new herbicide penoxsulam with different rates and time of application in transplanted rice. Weeds caused 30 to 32% loss in grain yield in weedy check as compared to weed free treatment. Higher doses of penoxsulam i. e. 0.0250 kg/ha (1-5 DAT) and 0.0225 kg/ha (8-12 DAT), while at par with each other and also with hand weeding twice (20 and 40 DAT), proved significantly better in controlling grassy, sedges and broadleaf weeds and provided significantly higher grain yield (similar to hand weeding and weed free treatments) and higher weed control efficiency than the standard herbicide butachlor at 1.5 kg/ha (1-3 DAT). The lower doses of penoxsulam i. e. 0.0225 kg/ha (1-5 DAT) and 0.0200 kg/ha (8-12 DAT) were, however, similar to butachlor. The study also revealed that comparatively lower doses of the herbicide could be used when it was applied at early post emergence (8-12 DAT).

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CCSHAU Rice Research Station, Kaul-136 021 (Haryana)
Response of Aromatic Rice (Pusa Basmati 1) to Establishment Methods, Fertility Levels and Weed Management Practices*
Parmeet Singh, Purshotam Singh and S. S. Singh
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-7 | Volume: 39 Page No:32-35 |
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Abstract:

An experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2003 and 2004 at Agronomy Research Farm, Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University to assess the response of rice and associated weeds to establishment methods, fertility levels and weed management practices. The experiment was laid out in three factor randomized block design comprising two establishment methods (direct wet seeding and transplanting), three levels of fertility viz., 80, 40, 40; 100, 50, 50 and 120, 60, 60 NPK kg/ha and four weed management practices viz., (W1) anilofos @ 0.4 kg a. i./ha, (W2) butachlor @1.5 kg a. i./ha, (W3) two hand weedings and (W4) weedy check. These comprised 24 treatments, which were replicated thrice. Results revealed that transplanting method of rice establishment recorded lowest number of weeds and weed dry weight resulting in significantly higher grain yield. The weed intensity and weed dry weight increased with the increase in fertility level and was maximum with 120, 60, 60 NPK kg/ha. Anilofos and butachlor brought down weed intensity, weed dry weight and NPK uptake but were not as efficient as two hand weedings. The higher net profit and BCR was observed in direct seeded plots treated with high fertilizer dose of 120, 60, 60 NPK kg/ha and anilofos. The maximum weed control efficiency was observed in transplating between establishment methods, low fertilizer dose of 80, 40, 40 NPK kg/ha between fertility levels and anilofosn among weed management practices at all the growth stages of crop. The maximum weed index of 68% was observed in weedy check plots.

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Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University Allahabad-211 007 (Uttar Pradesh)
Residual Effect of Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Applied in Rice on Succeeding Crops
S. K. Randhawa, Tarlok Singh, Surjit Singh, Amandeep Singh Brar and R. K. Bhatia
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-8 | Volume: 39 Page No:36-39 |
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Abstract:

Field and pot experiments were conducted to study the persistence of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in soil. In pot experiment, maize, soybean, moong and sorghum were grown in succession upto three sowings at 21 days intervals at different concentrations of herbicide ranging from 0 to 0.2 ppm. Germination count, shoot height and dry weight of crops were drastically reduced at higher concentrations of herbicides in first sowing. However, in the second and third sowings differences for plant height and dry weight were less at different concentrations of herbicide indicating degradation of herbicide to safe levels. In field experiment residual carry over effects of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl applied in rice at 15 and 30 g/ha were studied using wheat, gram and pea as indicator plants. Differences were non-significant for dry matter accumulation in these plants, indicating that there was no residual effect of herbicide in soil after the harvest of rice crop.

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Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab)
Persistence of Sulfosulfuron Applied in Wheat on Succeeding Crop of Sorghum
Amrit Pal Brar, S. S. Punia, Ashok Yadav and R. K. Malik
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-9 | Volume: 39 Page No:40-43 |
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Abstract:

Field experiment was conducted during 2003 and 2004 in the Research Area of Agronomy Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of irrigation frequency on residual behaviour of sulfosulfuron applied in wheat on succeeding sorghum crop grown in rotation. Residual effect of sulfosulfuron was assessed by conducting bioassay studies on sorghum in a split plot design with three irrigation levels (3, 4 and 5) in the main plots and weed control treatments (sulfosulfuron 25 and 50 g/ha, weedy and weed free) in the sub-plots. After harvest of wheat, sorghum crop was planted after slight disking without disturbing the original layout. Sulfosulfuron applied in wheat was found to persist even after 150 days after its application in wheat and its residues in the soil medium caused phytotoxicity to succeeding crop of sorghum. Plant population, plant height, number of leaves per plant, dry shoot and root weight and fodder yield of sorghum were significantly reduced by sulfosulfuron. At 60 DAS, 50 g sulfosulfuron applied in wheat reduced sorghum plant height, dry shoot and root weight per plant by 56, 50, 70 and 57, 51, 71% during the first and second year, respectively, over untreated control. Similarly, fodder yield was reduced by 73 and 75% by 50 g sulfosulfuron compared to untreated control in first and second year of investigation, respectively. The residual effect of sulfosulfuron on sorghum was not found to be mediated by irrigation frequency. Neither the growth parameters nor the fodder yield of sorghum were affected significantly by number of irrigations applied in wheat. Therefore, it can be inferred that increasing irrigation frequencies neither helped in degradation nor in leaching of sulfosulfuron and sorghum should not be planted in rotation with wheat where sulfosulfuron has been applied in wheat.

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Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana)
Performance of Cultivars and Sulfosulfuron against Weeds in Wheat
Sanjeev Kumar, R. S. Malik, Ashok Yadav and R. K. Malik
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-10 | Volume: 39 Page No:44-47 |
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Abstract:

Based on two years’ field investigation, it was found that sulfosulfuron at 25 g/ha reduced density and dry weight of total weeds to the extent of more than 70% at different growth stages of wheat. This led to a significant increase in the number of effective tillers, 1000-grain weight and ultimately grain of wheat. However, grain yields of wheat were significantly more in the plots kept weed free throughout the crop season. Among 10 wheat cultivars, PBW 343, WH 542 and HD 2687 being at par with each other proved more competitive against weeds and consequently produced more grain yield. Whereas WH 711, WH 533 and Raj 3765 turned out to be poor competitors and lower yielders. On an average, weeds reduced the grain yield of wheat to the tune of 22% over the years.

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Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana)
Effect of Sulfosulfuron and Mesosulfuron+Iodosulfuron on Weeds and Wheat Yield
Tarundeep Kaur, L. S. Brar and U. S. Walia
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-11 | Volume: 39 Page No:48-51 |
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Abstract:

DMA by Phalaris minor and BLB was significantly more in unsprayed control than all other herbicide treatments. On an average, the per cent reduction in dry matter of P. minor varied from 26.19 to 30.69 in herbicide treatments over unweeded control at harvest. Increase in the dose of sulfosulfuron and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron reduced dry weight of weeds in the decreasing trend over weedy check due to varied concentrations. The studies revealed that all doses of sulfosulfuron (25, 37.5 and 50 q/ha) and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron (12, 18 and 24 q/ha) were at par with each other in terms of yield of wheat as these herbicides gave an effective kill of weeds.

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Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab)
Performance of Triasulfuron and Carfentrazone-ethyl against Broadleaf Weeds in Wheat
U. S. Walia and Buta Singh
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-12 | Volume: 39 Page No:52-54 |
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Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted at the experimental area of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana from 2003-04 to 2005-06 on loamy sand soil. Post-emergence (35-40 DAS) application of triasulfuron at 15 g/ha (with and without 1% surfactant) and 20 g/ha alone as well as carfentrazone-ethyl 20 and 25 g/ha controlled broadleaf weeds in wheat very effectively and produced grain yield at par with the already recommended herbicide i. e. 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha. On an average of three years, highest grain yield was recoded in plots treated with carfentrazoneethyl 25 g/ha closely f. b. triasulfuron 20 g/ha, triasulfuron 15 g + 1% surfactant and 2, 4-D 0.5 kg/ha and compared to unweeded check these treatments increased wheat grain yield by 57.9, 57.3, 56.2 and 53.7%, respectively.

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Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab)
Influence of Planting Techniques and Weed Control Treatments on Nutrient Uptake by P. minor Retz. and Broadleaf Weeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Amandeep Singh Brar and U. S. Walia
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-13 | Volume: 39 Page No:55-61 |
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Abstract:

Field study conducted at experimental farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India) during rabi seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06 revealed that nutrient uptake by Phalaris minor as well as broadleaf weeds were significantly reduced with zero till sowing in standing stubbles, zero till sowing after partial burning and bed planting techniques as dry matter accumulation by weeds was significantly less in these treatments as compared to conventional tillage and zero tillage techniques (without stubbles). Post-emergence application of clodinafop 60 g/ ha f. b. 2, 4-D 0.5 kg/ha, sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron 12.0 g/ha significantly reduced the dry matter accumulation by all weeds and hence significantly reduced uptake of N, P and K by both P. minor and broadleaf weeds, whereas clodinafop 60 g/ha alone reduced dry weight and nutrient uptake of P. minor only as compared to control (unweeded) crop.

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Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab)
Manipulation of Sowing Techniques and Weed Management on Weed Dynamics and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
I. B. Pandey and K. Kumar
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-14 | Volume: 39 Page No:62-65 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2000-01 and 2001-02 to study the effect of sowing techniques and weed management on weed dynamics and yield of wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori and Paol]. Criss-cross sowing significantly reduced weed dry biomass and produced 19.93% more grain yield than broadcast method of sowing. Weed control treatments significantly reduced weed density and weed dry biomass than weedy check. Among the weed control treatments, sulfosulfuron was found most effective herbicide and it significantly reduced the total weed population and density of Phalaris minor and Avena fatua to the tune of 87.3 and 92.9%, respectively, over control. However, isoproturon 0.75 kg/ha controlled P. minor and A. fatua only to the extent of 67.8 and 78.6%. Hand weeding recorded similar grain yield to that of sulfosulfuron and significantly outyielded isoproturon and 2, 4-D.

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Department of Agronomy Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur-848 125 (Bihar)
Impact Analysis of Factors Affecting Phalaris minor Infestation in Wheat in Punjab
H. S. Dhaliwal, Ram Singh and L. S. Brar
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-15 | Volume: 39 Page No:66-73 |
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Abstract:

Phalaris minor has become the major menace in wheat, as it has developed resistance against isoproturon. The farmers are using costly herbicides, namely, clodinafop and sulfosulfuron. A critical analysis of the data revealed that recommended seed rate, bi-directional and zero till method of sowing are some of the factors whose added returns were higher than added costs from wheat because of low infestation of weeds and increase in wheat productivity. Other factors which led to low infestation of Phalaris minor included light soil, low moisture content at upper layer of soil, early sowing of wheat, closer spacing, use of new herbicides, recommended dose of herbicide, use of flood zet & flat fan nozzles, adequate volume of spray, adoption of PBW 343 variety of wheat, crop rotation (potato, sugarcane, vegetables and berseem crop in previous year), one hoeing after first irrigation and application of gypsum. Wheat growers can be benefited a lot if integrated approach of weed management is followed.

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Department of Economics and Sociology Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab)
A Phyto-sociological Association of Weeds in Winter Crops of Kashmir Valley
K. N. Singh, Shoukat Ara1, G. A. Wani Badrul Hasan and B. A. Khanday
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-16 | Volume: 39 Page No:74-77 |
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Abstract:

The study on phyto-sociological association of weeds in winter crops viz., brown sarson (Brassica campestris L.), oat and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of Kashmir valley was conducted during 2000-01 and 2001- 02 at varying altitudes from 1500 to 2000 MSL. Maximum IVI of Poa annua was noticed in brown sarson (throughout valley) and oat (only in higher belts >1700 MSL). At lower and mid altitudes in oat fields and at high altitudes in wheat fields Ranunculus spp. recorded maximum IVI.Wheat fields (above 1600 MSL) showed maximum IVI of Capsella bursa-pastoris.

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Division of Agronomy Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu & Kashmir-192 123
Weed Flora of Potato in North-Eastern Haryana
S. S. Punia, Dharambir Yadav, Rajbir Garg and O. P. Lathwal
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-17 | Volume: 39 Page No:78-80 |
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Abstract:

A survey of weed flora of potato in north-eastern Haryana conducted during 2004-05 revealed that a total of 23 species were found to infest potato fields, out of which three were grassy, 16 broadleaf weeds and only one sedge Cyperus rotundus. C. album, A. arvensis, P .minor, Poa annua, Rumex retroflexus, Melilotus indica, Polypogon monspliensis, Coronopus didymus and Medicago denticulata were the major weeds of potato in all districts. In Panchkula and Ambala Anagallis arvensis was the most dominant weed with a relative density of 15.8, 13.6 and 19.64%, respectively, while in Kaithal and Panipat, Poa annua dominated weed flora with 48.4 and 35.7% of total weed flora followed by C.album. Malwa parviflora a robust dicotyledonous weed, which was considered to be weed of non-cropped areas, has also shown its presence in Kurukshetra and Kaithal districts. Kharif weeds Trianthema portulacastrum and Digera arvensis were found to infest early sown crop in Kurukshetra, while Portulaca oleracea was recorded in Kaithal and Panipat districts.

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Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana)
Host Preference of Neochetina bruchi Hustache and N. eichhorniae Warner towards Leaves and their Aqueous Extracts of Chosen Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
A. G. Murugesan, John Ruby and M. Gabriel Paulraj
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-18 | Volume: 39 Page No:81-84 |
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Abstract:

The water hyacinth weevils, Neochetina bruchi Hustache and Neochetina eichhorniae Warner were studied for their orientation behaviour towards leaves and their aqueous extracts of 18 agricultural and horticultural crops and the host plant Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) under laboratory conditions with the help of a multi-arm olfactometer. Excess proportion index (EPI) was worked out to know the approaching behaviour of the weevils. Both N. bruchi and N. eichhorniae rejected all the crops tested here and preferred water hyacinth only. The EPI values for the leaves of all the crops tested (except paddy and pomegranate) and their extract treatments were only negative, indicating that the weevils rejected the plants. Positive values were obtained in pomegranate (+0.33) and paddy (+0.11) leaf treatments when N. bruchi and N. eichhorniae were used, respectively. In general, extracts were more deterrent to both the weevil species than leaf treatment.

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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences Alwarkurichi-627 412 (Tamil Nadu)
Integrated Biological Control of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms at Different Growth Stages
I. Gnanavel and R. M. Kathiresan
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-19 | Volume: 39 Page No:85-91 |
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Abstract:

Classical biological control of water hyacinth using insect agent Neochetina spp. is constrained in many tropical watershed environments with interrupted host range due to seasonal water flow and complete drying of water during the hot summer months. Accordingly, the need for reinforcing the classical bio-control approach with sustainable short term measures has been realized and studies were undertaken to explore the possibility of integrating the insect agents and the plant product of dried leaf powder of Coleus amboinicus/aromaticus in controlling water hyacinth at different growth stages based on discriminate analysis using data on plant height, leaf area and fresh weight. Among the different inoculation loads of insect agents, releasing the insect agents @ three/ plant registered the highest reduction in fresh weight, chlorophyll and N, P, K content with small (I stage) and medium (II stage) growth stages of Eichhornia crassipes. At large growth stage (III stage) of E. crassipes none of the loads of insect agents was effective in reducing the fresh weight and chlorophyll content. Among the different concentrations of plant product, spraying at 25% registered the cent per cent reduction in fresh weight, chlorophyll and least N, P and K content at both the stages I and II of E. crassipes. No insect mortality was observed in any of the treatments compared.

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Department of Agronomy Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu-608 002 (Tamil Nadu)
Efficacy of Sesame Root Exudates against Some Major Weeds of Rabi Crops
Lalit Kumar and Jay Gopal Varshney
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-20 | Volume: 39 Page No:92-98 |
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Abstract:

Emulsion concentrate or emulsive water (EW) formulation developed from crystallized product of sesame root exudates showed consistent adverse effect on the germination and growth of prominent weeds found in almost all rabi crops. EW formulation at 240 μg/g of soil not only delayed but also inhibited germination of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) by 80% followed by scarlet pimpernel (Anagalis arvensis) by 75%, white sweet clover (Melilotus alba) by 65%, corn flurry (Spergula arvensis) by 60%, fumitory (Fumaria parviflora) by 55% and common vetch (Vicia sativa) by 50% over control. At 280 μg/g of soil, maximum inhibition in shoot biomass was observed in case of lambsquarters (86%) followed by fumitory (82%), common vetch (52%), corn flurry (49%), scarlet pimpernel (46%) and white sweet clover (42%) over control. Whereas based on root biomass inhibition, the toxicity trend of formulation was observed on lambasquarter by 89% followed by corn flurry (83%), sweet clover (72%), common vetch (65%), fumitory (63%) and scarlet pimpernel (58%). Based on entire biomass inhibition, it was observed more toxic to lambsquarters (86%) followed by fumitory (79%), common vetch (56%), corn flurry (50%), white sweet clover (49%) and scarlet pimpernel (48%) over control at 280 μg/g concentration.

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Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Kanpur-208 024 (U. P.)
Crop-Weed Competition Studies in Gardenpea (Pisum sativum) under Mid-Hill Conditions of North-West Himalayas
Ved Prakash and A. K. Srivastva
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-21 | Volume: 39 Page No:99-103 |
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Abstract:

A set of eight treatments comprising weedy and weed-free conditions upto 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing and upto harvest was evaluated at the experimental farm, Hawalbagh of Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora during winter (rabi) seasons of 1999-2000 and 2000-01 to find out the critical period of crop-weed competition in gardenpea [Pisum sativum (L.) sub sp. hortense Asch and Graebn]. Weed competition index increased with an increase in duration of weedy condition ranging from 1.4 to 34.7 during winter 1999-2000 and 5.4 to 48.7 during winter 2000-01. On the other hand, increase in weed-free period from sowing to harvest decreased weed competition index to 2.0 from 34.7 during winter 1999-2000 and 3.3 from 48.7 during winter 2000-01. Weed-free condition beyond 60 days after sowing did not bring significant improvement in green pod yield. The highest additional net returns (Rs. 6,374/ha) and additional net returns/rupee invested (0.64) were recorded where the plots were kept weed-free upto 60 days after sowing. The critical period for crop-weed competition was observed to be between 30-60 days after sowing when the crop should be kept free from weeds to prevent the potential yield loss and to economize weeding in gardenpea.

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Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR), Almora-263 601 (Uttaranchal)
Effect of Crop-Weed Competition on Seed Yield and Quality of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
M. L. Mehriya, R. S. Yadav, R. P. Jangir and B. L. Poonia
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-22 | Volume: 39 Page No:104-108 |
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Abstract:

A study was conducted during the winter seasons of 2003-04 and 2004-05 at the Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Rajasthan to determine the effect of crop-weed competition on seed yield and quality of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). The results revealed that weed-free upto 60 DAS gave the lower mean weed density and total weed dry matter at harvest and increased yield attributes viz., mean final plant stand, umbels/plant, seeds/umbel and test weight by 157.9, 147.4, 166.2 and 37.2%, respectively, and mean seed yield by 788.7% over weedy check. This treatment stood at par with complete weed-free and weedy upto 15 DAS with regards to yield attributes and seed yield. The critical period of crop-weed competition was observed between 15 to 60 DAS in cumin. Weed-free environment throughout crop season produced the maximum oil and protein content, and was significantly higher compared to weedy check.

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Rajasthan Agricultural University, Agricultural Research Station, Mandor-342 304 (Rajasthan)
Evaluation of Pre-emergence Herbicides and Soil Solarization for Weed Management in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Elizabeth K. Syriac and K. Geetha
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-23 | Volume: 39 Page No:109-111 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted during the summer seasons (December-January to April-May) of 1998-99 and 1999-2000, to study the relative efficacy of four pre-emergence herbicides and soil solarization treatment in reducing weed infestation and in enhancing the yield of brinjal. Season-long crop-weed competition reduced the yield of brinjal by 51 and 49% during 1998-99 and 1999-2000, respectively. Soil solarization for one month registered the highest fruit yield during both the years (18.92 and 18.12 t/ha, respectively). The pre-emergence herbicides alachlor (2.0 and 2.5 kg a. i./ha), oxadiazon (0.5 and 0.75 kg a. i./ha) and pendimethalin (2.0 kg a. i./ha) and hand weeding twice treatments recorded fruit yields comparable to that of soil solarization. As far as weed dry weight is concerned, alachlor (2.0 and 2.5 kg a. i./ha) recorded excellent weed control comparable to weed free check at 30 and 60 DAT.

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Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kumarakom-686 566 (Kerala)
Integrated Approach for the Control of Hardy Weeds in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
U. S. Walia, Surjit Singh and Buta Singh
Full length articles | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-24 | Volume: 39 Page No:112-115 |
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An experiment was conducted during 2005 and 2006 at the Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry, PAU, Ludhiana in order to control some hardy weeds like Acrachne racemosa, Commelina benghalensis, etc. in groundnut. Crop treated with pre-plant application of fluchloralin 0.675 kg and pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg, oxyflourfen 0.25 kg and alachlor 1.25 kg/ha each f. b. one hand weeding as well as oxyflourfen 0.50 kg/ha alone produced significantly higher pod yield and significantly less weed dry matter accumulation as compared to the recommended treatment i. e. fluchloralin 0.675 kg/ha during both the years. However, during second year pre-plant application of trifluralin 0.75 kg/haf. b. one HW, trifluralin 1.0 kg , oxyflourfen 0.25 kg+pendimethalin 0.5 kg, oxyflourfen 0.25 kg+trifluralin 0.75 kg/ha and two hand weedings treatments also resulted in significantly higher pod yield and significantly less weed dry matter accumulation than recommended treatment. On the basis of average of two years, all the herbicidal treatments except alone application of fluchloralin 0.675 kg and pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha produced significantly higher pod yield than unweeded control treatment. Integration of hand weeding with pre-plant application of fluchloralin 0.675 kg and trifluralin 0.75 kg as well as pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg , oxyflourfen 0.25 kg and alachlor 1.25 kg/ha increased pod yield by 39.1, 43.0, 54.6, 54.5 and 55.9% than unweeded control and 14.7, 17.9, 27.5, 27.4 and 28.4% than alone application of fluchloralin 0.675 kg/ha (recommended).

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Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab)
Germination Potential and Growth Behaviour of Eclipta alba
Rupa S. Dhawan
Short communications | DOI: IJWS-2007-39-1&2-25 | Volume: 39 Page No:116-119 |
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Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana)

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