Alachlor, Hand hoeing, Pendimethalin, Straw mulch, Weed mulch

Hand weeding twice was most effective and recorded minimum weed density and weed dry weight followed by pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha + hand weeding and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha + hand hoeing. Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS recorded the highest yield (2.38 t/ha) followed by pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + hand weeding at 30 DAS (2.07 t/ha). Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha and alachlor 1.0 kg/ha produced significantly higher seed yield over straw mulch and weed mulch. The highest net monetary returns (` 75739/ha) was obtained with two hand weedings followed by pendimethalin + hand weeding and pendimethalin + hand hoeing.