Four tillage systems viz. (i) zero–zero tillage (ii) zero-conventional tillage (iii) conventional-zero tillage (iv) conventional–conventional tillage systems were evaluated on the survival and growth of free living nitrogen fixing bacteria, total phosphate solubilising bacteria, soil biomass carbon, soil respiration, per cent root colonization and enzymic activities in rhizospheric soil. Among weed control measures, comparative effects of hand weeding and recommended herbicides (isoproturon at 1.0 kg/ha + 2,4-D + 1 HW (45 DAS) were tested along with weedy check. The results revealed that tillage systems did not influence microbial soil health. The maximum growth of different micro organisms was observed in zero tillage system, whereas minimum was in conventional tillage system. There were no adverse effects of recommended herbicide use on soil microbial health. Application of isoproturon + 2,4-D had no adverse effect on rhizosphreric soil health of wheat crop.