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Indian Journal of Weed Science


Print ISSN: 0253-8050
Online ISSN: 0974-8164

NAAS rating: 5.17

Chief Editor

J.S. Mishra
Dr. J.S. Mishra
Principal Scientist, Division of Crop Research,
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region,
Bihar Veterinary College, Patna - 800014 (Bihar)
Mobile - +91 9494240904
Email- editorisws@gmail, jsmishra31@gmail.com

Associate editors

Bhagirath S. Chauhan

Dr. Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Queensland Alliance for Agricultureand Food Innovation
Level 2, Queensland Bioscience Precinct
The University of Queensland
St Lucia QLD 4069, Australia
Email: b.chauhan@uq.edu.au
A.N. Rao
Dr. A.N. Rao
Hydarabad, INDIA
Mobile Number: +91 9440372165
Email: adusumilli.narayanarao@gmail.com

CALL FOR RESEARCH PAPER

Indian Journal of Weed Science is inviting your articles, review article, Research article and Research note on all topics of weed science. IJWS welcomes quality work that focuses on research, development and review. We are looking forward for strict compliance to the modern age standards in all these fields. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.

Indian Journal of Weed Science (IJWS) is inviting papers for the VOL-53, ISSUE-1 March-(2021)


Article submission guideline

Enter your login details for IJWS below. If you do not already have an account you will need to.. Register here
Author login
  • Author Instruction
  • Style of Invited paper
  • Style of Research Article
  • Style of Research note

Paper Publication Process –

  • Manuscripts are received online in the editorial office with the certificate that MS has not been sent for consideration in any other journals for consideration.
  • Manuscripts are checked by office for its style and pattern and for plagiarism. If plagiarism is more than 20%, it is not considered and sent back to author for revision and re-submission.
  • If MS is found fit at Editorial office in context to plagiarism and style and pattern, it is sent to Chief Editor for further processing.
  • If chief Editor find the MS suitable for consideration, he shall suggest two name of referees as reviewers either from editorial board or from other institutions of concern discipline for reviewing the MS.
  • Editorial Office shall send the MS for double blind review to the reviewers suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Comments of double -blind reviewers will be sent to corresponding author without disclosing the identity of the reviewers to address the comments and re-submission of MS.
  • In case, one reviewer rejects while other accept the MS, it is sent to third reviewer suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Revised MS is again sent to reviewers to see whether their comments are addressed suitably.
  • On agreeing by the reviewers, the MS is again sent to Chief Editors with comments of reviewers and reply of author to take the final decision.
  • The final decision of Chief Editor is communicated to authors.

CALL FOR RESEARCH PAPER

Indian Journal of Weed Science is inviting your articles, review article, Research article and Research note on all topics of weed science. IJWS welcomes quality work that focuses on research, development and review. We are looking forward for strict compliance to the modern age standards in all these fields. Authors across the globe are welcome to submit their research papers in the prestigious journal fulfilling the requisite criterion.

Indian Journal of Weed Science (IJWS) is inviting papers for the VOL-51, ISSUE-4 December-(2019)


Article submission guideline

Enter your login details for IJWS below. If you do not already have an account you will need to.. Register here
Author login
  • Author Instruction
  • Style of Invited paper
  • Style of Research Article
  • Style of Research note

Paper Publication Process –

  • Manuscripts are received online in the editorial office with the certificate that MS has not been sent for consideration in any other journals for consideration.
  • Manuscripts are checked by office for its style and pattern and for plagiarism. If plagiarism is more than 20%, it is not considered and sent back to author for revision and re-submission.
  • If MS is found fit at Editorial office in context to plagiarism and style and pattern, it is sent to Chief Editor for further processing.
  • If chief Editor find the MS suitable for consideration, he shall suggest two name of referees as reviewers either from editorial board or from other institutions of concern discipline for reviewing the MS.
  • Editorial Office shall send the MS for double blind review to the reviewers suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Comments of double -blind reviewers will be sent to corresponding author without disclosing the identity of the reviewers to address the comments and re-submission of MS.
  • In case, one reviewer rejects while other accept the MS, it is sent to third reviewer suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Revised MS is again sent to reviewers to see whether their comments are addressed suitably.
  • On agreeing by the reviewers, the MS is again sent to Chief Editors with comments of reviewers and reply of author to take the final decision.
  • The final decision of Chief Editor is communicated to authors.
Read More

Guidelines for Authors

Indian Journal of Weed Science is a quarterly journal publishing original research article, research notes, opinion articles and review articles (invited or with prior approval of the title reflecting substantial contributions of the author) covering all areas of weed science research. All contributions must be of a sufficient quality to extend our knowledge in weed science.

The papers submitted should not have been published or communicated elsewhere. Authors will be solely responsible for the factual accuracy of their contribution. Manuscript should not carry any material already published in the same or different forms.

  • Style of Invited paper
  • Style of Research Article
  • Style of Research note

Format

Full length article should be suitably divided into the following sub-sections; ABSTRACT, Key words, INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and REFERENCES. The heading, introduction need not be mentioned in the text.

Title

The title of article should be informative but concise and should not contain abbreviations. It should indicate the content of the article essential for key word indexing and information retrieval. It should be set in small and bold letters. A good title briefly identifies the subject, indicates the purpose of study and introduces key terms and concepts. Title should not be started with the waste words like 'a study of', 'effect of', 'influence of' , 'some observations on', 'a note of' etc. The title should indicate preferably English name or most popular common name of the crops or organisms studied, wherever relevant. Scientific name can be given in abstract and introduction. Authority for such a name should be given at first mention in the text. A short title should be given for running headlines and should cover the main theme of the article.

Author(s) name(s) and affiliations

The name(s) of the author(s) should be given in small letters with sentence case separated by 'comma' or by 'and'. Institute name where the research was carried out should be given in italics. If authors are of different institutes, these can be mentioned by allotting number like 1, 2 or 3 as superscript over the name of author. The affiliation of such author may be given below of the corresponding author email address. Sometimes authors retire and change frequently and wish to give their current address, this should be given as foot note. Email address of main author or corresponding author should be given at the bottom.

Abstract

The abstract should contain at least one sentence on each of the following: objective of investigation (hypothesis, purpose, collection, result and conclusions). Give complete scientific name for plants or other organisms and full name of any symbol or abbreviations used. There is a need to mention place, name and priod of study in abstract. Emphasis should be given to highlight the results and the conclusion of the study. It should not exceed a total length of 200-250 words. Abstract should not have the words like 'will be explained or will be discussed'.

Key words

(5 6) should be given at the end of the abstract and should be arranged alphabetically. Each key word should be started with capital letter and separated by comma ( , ) from other words.

Introduction

Introduction should be brief and to the point, cover the problem and should justify the work or the hypothesis on which it is based. In introduction, a detail review is not necessary. However, to orient readers, important references about previous concepts and research should be given. It should briefly state the currently available information and should identify the research gap that is expected to be abridged through this investigation. Give preference to recent references from standard research publication unless it is of historical importance or a landmark in that field.

Materials and Methods

This part should begin with information relating to period/season/year and place of study, climate or weather conditions, soil type etc. Treatment details along with techniques and experimental design, replications, plot size etc. should be clearly indicated. Use of symbols for treatments may be avoided and an abbreviation should be fully explained at its first mention. Crop variety, methodology for application and common cultivation practices should be mentioned. Known methods may be just indicated giving reference but new techniques developed and followed should be described in detail. Methods can be divided into suitable sub-headings, typed in bold at first level and in italics at second level, if necessary.

Results and Discussion

Results may be reported and discussed together to avoid duplication. Do not mention and recite the data in the text as such given in the table. Instead interpret it suitably by indicating in terms of per cent, absolute change or any other derivations. Relate results to the objectives with suitable interpretation of the references given in the introduction. If results differ from the previous study, suitable interpretation and justification should be given. Repeated use of statements like 'our results are in agreement’ or ‘similar results were reported’ 'should be avoided. At the end of results and discussion, conclusion of the study should be given in 2-3 sentences along with suggestion for further study, if any. All statistical comparisons among treatments may be made at P=0.05 level of probability.

Acknowledgement

The authors may place on record the help and cooperation or any financial help received from any source, person or organization for this study. This should be very brief.

References

Only relevant and recent references of standard work should be quoted. Preference should be given to quote references of journals over proceedings or reports. In general, not more than 15 references should be quoted in full paper and 5 in short communication. However, in review article, emphasis should be given to quote more references with each valid statement/findings in the text. There is no need to give references for standard procedures of soil and plant analysis, and for routine statistical analysis in practice, only the methodology may be indicated. As a thumb rule, all the references quoted in the text must appear at the end of the article and vice-verse. It has been decided to use full name of the journal after the year 2011 onwards. Therefore, references should include names of all authors, year, full title of the article quoted, full name of the journal in italics (no abbreviations), volume number (in Bold), issue number (in brackets) and pages. For books, monographs, theses etc. full title in italics, publisher or university name, volume no., if any, and relevant page range or total no. of pages should be given. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically on author's names and chronologically per author. Author name should be started with surname and initial letter with capital letter. There is no need to separate author's initials by full stop but it should be given in capital letters without gap. Each author name should be separated by comma (,) and last author name by ‘and’. A few examples of correct citation of references for Indian Journal of Weed Science are given below:

Singh Samunder, Punia SS, Yadav A and Hooda VS. 2011. Evaluation of carfentrazone-ethyl + metsulfuron-methyl against broadleaf weeds of wheat. Indian Journal of Weed Science 43(1&2): 12-22.

Neeser C and Varshney Jay G. 2001. Purple nutsedge; biology and principles for management without herbicides, Indian Journal of Pulses Research 14(1): 10-19.

Naseema A, Praveena R and Salim AM. 2004. Ecofriendly management of water hyacinth with a mycoherbicide and cashew nut shell liquid. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 10(1&2): 93-100.

Arya DR, Kapoor RD and Dhirajpant. 2008. Herbicide tolerant crops: a boon to Indian agriculture, pp 23-31. In: Biennial Conference on Weed Management in Modern Agriculture: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities. (Eds. Sharma RS, Sushilkumar, Mishra JS, Barman KK and Sondhia Shobha), 27-28 February 2008, Patna. Indian Society of Weed Science, Jabalpur.

Anonymous. 2006. Long-term herbicide trial in transplanted lowland rice-rice cropping system, pp 62-68. In: Annual Progress Report, AICRP on Weed Control, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

DWSR. 2010. Annual Report, 2010-11, pp 35-37. Directorate of Weed Science Research, Jabalpur.

Gopal B and Sharma KP. 1981. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) the most troublesome weeds of the world. Hindasia Publisher, New Delhi, 129 p.

Sushilkumar, Sondhia S and Vishwakarma K. 2003. Role of insects in suppression of problematic alligator weed (Altemanthera philoxeroides) and testing of herbicides for its integrated management. Final Report of ICAR Adhoc Project, 39 p.

For Web references: the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. e.g. http://www.faostat.fao.org (accessed 21 May 2019)

Length

Paper TypeMaximum Length (including tables and figures)
Research Article6000 words
Research note4000 words
Review8000 words
Mini-Review5000 words

Units, abbreviations and nomenclature

For physical units, unit names and symbols, the SI system should be employed. Biological names should be given according to the latest international nomenclature. Upon its first use in the title, abstract and text, the common name of a weed should be followed by the scientific name (genus, species and authority) in parentheses. If no common name exists in English, the scientific name should be used only. At the first mention of an herbicide or other chemical substance, give its generic name only. Trade names should not be used. Biological and zoological names, gene designations and gene symbols should be italicized. Yield data should be reported in kg/ha or t/ha. All such letters such as viz., et al., in situ, ex situ, Rabi, Kharif, i.e., etc. should be italicized.

Tables and figures

Tables and figures should be concise and limited to the necessary minimum. We encourage the authors to set tables and figures at the appropriate places in the article but if it is not possible, the same may be given separately. The title should fully describe the contents of the table and explain any symbol or abbreviations used in it. The standard abbreviations of the units of different parameters should be indicated in parentheses. Vertical lines should not be given in the tables and horizontal lines should be used to separate parameters and end of the table.

Figures may be preferred in place of table. In no case the same data should be presented by both tables and figures. While presenting data through line graphs, vertical bars, cylinders, pie charts etc, the same should be preferred with black lines or bars having different clear symbols and shades. The graphs chosen with colours reproduce poorly and should not be given unless it became necessary.

Some useful tips

Avoid numerals and abbreviations at the beginning of a sentence. Don't use superscript for per hectare, ton or meter (kg ha-1 or t ha-1) instead use kg/ha or g/m2, t/ha, mg/g, ml/l etc. Prefer to mention yield data in t/ha only. If it becomes necessary, give yield in kg/ha but not in quintal. Don't use lakh, crores or arabs in text, instead give such figures in million. Only standard abbreviations should be used and invariably be explained at first mention. Avoid use of self-made abbreviations like iso., buta., rizo., etc. Don't use first letter capital for names of plant protection chemicals but it should be used for trade names. Use of treatment symbols like T1 T2 T3 etc. should be avoided. All weights and measurements must be in SI or metric units. Use % after double digit figures, not per cent, for example 10% not 10 per cent. In a series of range of measurement, mention the units only at the end, e.g. 3,4,5 kg/ha instead of 3 kg/ha, 4 kg/ha and 5 kg/ha. Nutrient doses as well as concentration in soil and plant should be given in elemental form only, i.e. P and K should not be given as P2O5 K2O. A variety may be mentioned within single quotes in italic such as 'Pusa Basmai', 'Kufri Sinduri' etc. Statistical data should be given in LSD (P=0.05) instead CD (P=0.05).

Authors are requested to see the recent issue of the journal to prepare the manuscript as per the journal's format.

Manuscript submission

Manuscripts must conform to the journal style (see the latest issue). Correct language is the responsibility of the author. After having received a contribution, there will be a review process, before the Chief Editor makes the definitive decision upon the acceptance for publication. Referee's comments along with editors comments will be communicated to authors as scanned copy/soft copy through email. After revision, author should send back the copy of revised manuscripts to the Chief Editor, ISWS by e-mail only.

Editorial Board reserves the right to suitably modify, accept or reject the MS in view on the reviewer's advice.

We encourage submission of paper only by electronically via E-mail as one complete word document file. When preparing your file, please use only Times New Roman font for text (title 16, all heads 14 and text of 12 point, double spacing with 1.5" margin all the sides) and Symbol font for Greek letters to avoid inadvertent character substitutions.

All manuscripts should be submitted Online (http://www.isws.org.in/login_IJWS.aspx). For authors unable to submit their manuscript online

To see sample copy to prepare the manuscript, please Log on: http://www.isws.org.in/IJWSn/Journal.aspx

Peer Review Policy

All published articles in Indian Journal of Weed Science (IJWS) are subjected to rigorous peer review processes based on initial editor screening and anonymized refereeing by two referees. The ultimate purpose of peer review is to sustain the originality and quality of research work and filtration of poor quality and plagiarized articles. Peer review assures research quality.

Paper Publication Process –

  • Manuscripts are received online in the editorial office with the certificate that MS has not been sent for consideration in any other journals for consideration.
  • Manuscripts are checked by office for its style and pattern and for plagiarism. If plagiarism is more than 20%, it is not considered and sent back to author for revision and re-submission.
  • If MS is found fit at Editorial office in context to plagiarism and style and pattern, it is sent to Chief Editor for further processing.
  • If chief Editor find the MS suitable for consideration, he shall suggest two name of referees as reviewers either from editorial board or from other institutions of concern discipline for reviewing the MS.
  • Editorial Office shall send the MS for double blind review to the reviewers suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Comments of double -blind reviewers will be sent to corresponding author without disclosing the identity of the reviewers to address the comments and re-submission of MS.
  • In case, one reviewer rejects while other accept the MS, it is sent to third reviewer suggested by Chief Editor.
  • Revised MS is again sent to reviewers to see whether their comments are addressed suitably.
  • On agreeing by the reviewers, the MS is again sent to Chief Editors with comments of reviewers and reply of author to take the final decision.
  • The final decision of Chief Editor is communicated to authors.

Peer Review Policy

The practice of peer review is to ensure that only good science is published. It is an objective process at the heart of good scholarly publishing and is carried out by all reputable scientific journals. Our reviewers therefore play a vital role in maintaining the high standards of the (Indian Journal of Weed Science) Journal of Management and Research and all manuscripts are peer reviewed following the procedure outlined below.

Initial manuscript evaluation

The Editors first evaluate all manuscripts. In some circumstances it is entirely feasible for an exceptional manuscript to be accepted at this stage. Those rejected at this stage are insufficiently original, have serious scientific flaws, have poor grammar or English language, or are outside the aims and scope of the journal. Those that meet the minimum criteria are passed on to experts for review.

Authors of manuscripts rejected at this stage will be informed within 2 weeks of receipt.

Type of Peer Review

The (Indian Journal of Weed Science) employs double blind review, where the reviewer remains anonymous to the authors throughout the process.

How the reviewer is selected

Reviewers are matched to the paper according to their expertise. Our reviewer database contains reviewer contact details together with their subject areas of interest, and this is constantly being updated.

Reviewer reports

Reviewers are asked to evaluate whether the manuscript:

  • Is original
  • Is methodologically sound
  • Follows appropriate ethical guidelines
  • Has results which are clearly presented and support the conclusions
  • Correctly references previous relevant work

Reviewers are not expected to correct or copyedit manuscripts. Language correction is not part of the peer review process. Reviewers are requested to refrain from giving their personal opinion in the "Reviewer blind comments to Author" section of their review on whether or not the paper should be published. Personal opinions can be expressed in the "Reviewer confidential comments to Editor" section.

How long does the peer review process take?

Typically the manuscript will be reviewed within 2-8 weeks. Should the reviewers' reports contradict one another or a report is unnecessarily delayed a further expert opinion will be sought. Revised manuscripts are usually returned to the Editors within 3 weeks and the Editors may request further advice from the reviewers at this time. The Editors may request more than one revision of a manuscript.

Final report

A final decision to accept or reject the manuscript will be sent to the author along with any recommendations made by the reviewers, and may include verbatim comments by the reviewers.
Chief Editor's Decision is final
Reviewers advise the Editors, who are responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.

Special Issues / Conference Proceedings

Special issues and/or conference proceedings may have different peer review procedures involving, for example, Guest Editors, conference organizers or scientific committees. Authors contributing to these projects may receive full details of the peer review process on request from the editorial office.

Becoming a Reviewer for the (Indian Journal of Weed Science)

If you are not currently a reviewer for the (Indian Journal of Weed Science) but would like to be considered as a reviewer for this Journal, please contact the editorial office by e-mail at (editorisws@gmail.com), and provide your contact details. If your request is approved and you are added to the online reviewer database you will receive a confirmatory email, asking you to add details on your field of expertise, in the format of subject classifications.

Editorial Board

Editorial office:

Office Manager, Indian Society of Weed Science, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Maharajpur, Jabalpur, India 482 004

Publisher Address:

Secretary, Indian Society of Weed Science, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Maharajpur, Jabalpur, India 482 004

Principal Scientist
Division of Crop Research
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region
Bihar Veterinary College, Patna - 800014 (Bihar)

Chief Editor J.S. Mishra 9494240904 jsmishra31@gmail.com

The University of Queensland
St Lucia QLD 4069, Australia

Associate Editor Bhagirath Singh Chauhan b.chauhan@uq.edu.au

Consultant,
ICRISAT,
International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics
Patancheru, Hyderabad

Associate Editor A.N. Rao 9440372165 adusumilli.narayanarao@gmail.com

Editors

Professor,
Department of Agronomy, CCSHAU,
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana)

Ashok Kumar Yadav 9416995523 aky444@gmail.com

Professor & Head,
Division of Agronomy
FoA, Main Campus,
Chatha, SKUAST-Jammu (J&K)

B.C. Sharma 9419152428 drbhagwati@gmail.com

Principal
Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture
Affiliated to TNAU)
Manakkadavu, Pollachi-642103 (Tamil Nadu)

C. Chinnusamy 9443721575 chinnusamyc@gmail.com

Scientist,
ICAR - Directorate of Weed Research,
Jabalpur (Madhya Padesh)

Dibakar Ghosh 8989190213 dghoshagro@gmail.com

Principal Scientist
Department of Agronomy,
Assam Agricultural University
Jorhat - 785013 (Assam)

I.C. Barua 9435094326 iswar_barua@yahoo.co.in

Principal Scientist
PJTSAU, Hyderabad-30 (Telangana)

M. Madhavi 9491021999 molluru_m@yahoo.com

Assistant Agronomist
Directorate of Agriculture (Govt. of WB)
Kolkata 700001, West Bengal

Malay Kumar Bhowmick 9434239688 bhowmick_malay@rediffmail.com

Associate Professor
(Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry)
Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College & Research Institute (TNAU),
Trichy (Tamil Nadu)

P. Janaki 9443936160 janakibalamurugan@rediffmail.com

Assistant Chemist (Residue),
Department of Agronomy,
Punjab Agricultural University
Ludhina-141 004 (Punjab)

Pervinder Kaur 9646105418 pervi_7@yahoo.co.in

Sr. Agronomist, Directorate of Extension Education
Punjab Agricultural University
Ludhiana – 141004 (Punjab)

Simerjeet Kaur 9814081108 simer@pau.edu

College of Horticulture,
Vellanikkara. Thrissur – 680 656, (Kerala)

T. Girija 9447004940 girijavijai@gmail.com

Principal Scientist,
Directorate of Maize Research,
Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012

C.M. Parihar 9013172214 pariharcm@gmail.com

Indexing Indexing & Abstracting Services


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Volume- 51 | Issue-2 (Apr-Jun) | Year 2019

Potentials of water hyacinth as livestock feed in Sri Lanka
H.D.A. Wimalarathne and P.C.D. Perera
Review article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00024.8 | Volume: 51 Page No:101-105 |
Address & Email | Article preview | View PFD | Download

Abstract:

 

Eichhornia crassipes or universally known as Water hyacinth (WH) is considered as one of the noxious and invasive plants with a high growth rate and vigorous reproductive capacity. Due to these characteristics, this plant causes severe ecological, economic and social problems in many tropical and subtropical countries. Currently, many countries like India, China, Vietnam etc., convert this aquatic invasive plant into a beneficial plant to solve serious environmental problems. WH is an excellent source in absorbing nutrients and pollutants from eutrophic/polluted waters. Moreover, WH biomass is used to produce bio-energy, feed and fertilizers. This review discusses the potential of using WH as a livestock feed in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is an agricultural country and livestock plays a major role in the society. The non-availability of quality pasture/fodder and shortage of improved pasture/fodder have been identified as one of the major causes for the poor production of milk and meat. But WH has been successfully utilized over the decades as a livestock feed by other countries for ruminants, swine, ducks, geese and fish due to its high crude protein content and progressive growth. Along with the relevant treatments and proper inclusion level to the main ration, this plant is a feasible alternative to rice straw and other low-quality roughages. WH shows an island-wide distribution in Sri Lanka inhabiting freshwater bodies such as tanks, canals, marshes, ponds etc. There is a greater opportunity of utilizing this plant to reduce the feed shortage in Sri Lanka ton livestock. Apart from biological, chemical and mechanical control methods, utilizing water hyacinth as a livestock feed is one of the better approaches out of many productive ways of controlling the growth of this plant.

 

 

 

Email

chathuradineth2@gmail.com

Address

Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka; Department of Food Technology, Sri Lanka German Training Institute, Kilinochchi, Sri Lanka
Effectiveness of triafamone + ethoxysulfuron (pre-mix) against complex weed flora in transplanted rice and its residual effects on wheat
Dharam Bir Yadav, Ashok Yadav and S.S. Punia
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00025.X | Volume: 51 Page No:106-110 |
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Abstract:

Bio-efficacy of triafamone (20%) + ethoxysulfuron (10%) (ready-mix, 30% WG) was evaluated as early post-emergence (1-2 leaf stage of weeds, 15 days after transplanting) against complex weed flora in transplanted rice at CCS Haryana Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Karnal during Kharif 2011 and 2012, phyto-toxicity on transplanted rice during Kharif 2012 and 2013 and its residual phyto-toxicity on wheat during Rabi 2012-13 and 2013-14. Triafamone + ethoxysulfuron 60-67.5 g/ha proved superior or at par with other herbicidal treatments in reducing the dry weight of grassy and broad-leaf weeds to the extent of >99% and 85-94%, respectively, and provided almost complete control of sedges (Cyperus difformis and Fimbristylis miliaceae) during both the years. There was no significant effect of different treatments on the plant height and panicle length of the rice during both the years. Application of triafamone + ethoxysulfuron 60 g/ha resulted in number of effective tillers (58.7/mrl in 2011 and 78.2/mrl in 2012) at par with triafamone 45 g/ha, butachlor 1250 and 1500 g/ha, and also weed free check during both the years. The grain yield of rice (6.08 t/ha in 2011 and 7.06 t/ha in 2012) due to triafamone + ethoxysulfuron 60 g/ha was higher than its lower dose (52.5 g/ha) but at par with the higher dose (67.5 g/ha), triafamone 45 g/ha, butachlor 1500 g/ha and weed free check during 2011 and 2012; butachlor 1250 g/ha and pretilachlor 1000 g/ha during 2012; but superior to all other herbicidal treatments during both the years. There were no visual phyto-toxicity symptoms of triafamone + ethoxysulfuron on rice crop and also no residual phyto-toxicity on succeeding wheat crop even up to 120 g/ha.

Email

dbyadav@gmail.com

Address

CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Sequential application of pre- and post-emergence herbicides for control of complex weed flora in dry direct-seeded rice under Cauvery command area of Karnataka
S.B. Yogananda, P. Thimmegowda and G. K. Shruthi
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00026.1 | Volume: 51 Page No:111-115 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (Kharif) season of 2014 and 2015 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka to study the efficacy of sequential application of herbicides on weed density, weed dry weight, yield and economics of dry direct-seeded rice. The results revealed that pre-emergence application of bensulfuron-methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% GR at 10 kg/ha fb post-emergence application of bispyribac-sodium at 25 g/ha at 20 days after sowing (DAS) recorded significantly lower total weed population (39.4 and 43.1/m2) and weed dry weight (8.2 and 9.0 g/m2) with weed control efficiency of 77.8 and 77.2% during 2014 and 2015, respectively. As a consequence of effective weed control the same treatment recorded significantly higher grain yield (4.60 and 4.42 t/ha), net monetary returns (` 39,340 and 36,710/ha) and B: C ratio (2.32 and 2.23) during 2014 and 2015, respectively. This treatment was statistically comparable to hand weeding thrice at 20, 40 and 60 DAS. Uncontrolled weed growth caused 56% reduction in grain yield of dry direct-seeded rice.

Email

sbyogananda@gmail.com

Address

Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka 571 405, India
Weed density and species composition in rice-based cropping systems as affected by tillage and crop rotation
J.S. Mishra, Rakesh Kumar, Ravikant Kumar, K. Koteswara Rao and B.P. Bhatt
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00027.3 | Volume: 51 Page No:116-122 |
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Abstract:

Weeds in crop fields are largely influenced by crop rotations and management practices. A better understanding of response of various weed species to changing management practices is required to develop improved weed management systems.  A study was conducted to assess the effect of different tillage intensities and crop rotations on the weed population dynamics in rice-based cropping systems. In this study, three tillage practices viz. conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and RT with 30% crop residues (RTR30) were evaluated in three different crop rotations, viz. rice-wheat, rice-lentil and rice-winter maize for their effect on weeds. Results show that weed density and species composition differed with tillage and crop rotation. Interaction between various tillage intensities and cropping systems had significant effect on density and dry weight of total, broadleaved, grasses and sedges. Irrespective of the tillage systems rice-wheat crop rotation favoured the prevalence of weeds (a total weed population of 1670/m2 and weed dry biomass of 241.1 g/m2), whereas rice-winter maize rotation suppressed the weed growth (a total weed population of 403/m2 and weed dry biomass of 213.4 g/m2) in summer (pre-Kharif) season. Reduced tillage with 30% residues retention (RTR30) favoured the infestation of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) in rice-wheat cropping system, but suppressed the weed growth in rice-lentil system. Contrary to this, RTR30 favoured the infestation of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) in rice-winter maize cropping system, but suppressed the weed growth in rice-lentil and rice-wheat systems during winter season. 

Email

jsmishra31@gmail.com

Address

Division of Crop Research, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
Control of herbicide resistant Phalaris minor by pyroxasulfone in wheat
Tarundeep Kaur, M.S. Bhullar and Simerjeet Kaur
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00028.5 | Volume: 51 Page No:123-128 |
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Abstract:

Evolution of multiple herbicide resistance in Phalaris minor in wheat has resulted from the repeated use of herbicides with a similar mode of action which could threaten the sustainability of the rice-wheat cropping system in North-West India. In this context, field studies were conducted at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 in randomized block design replicated four times and at farmer’s field during 2016-17 and 2017-18 with the objective to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide with alternative mechanism of action for the control of resistant P. minor in wheat. The treatments included pyroxasulfone 85, 102, 127.5 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE), sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha as post-emergence (PoE) and unsprayed control. However, the treatments during 2013-14 included pyroxasulfone 85, 102, 127.5 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha and unsprayed control with pendimethalin 1125 g/ha as PE at farmers’ field instead of pendimethalin 750 g/ha. The results indicated that pyroxasulfone at 127.5 g/ha recorded effective control of P. minor and its biomass and gave the highest wheat grain yield (4.87, 4.80 and 5.43 t/ha) during 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. At farmer’s field, pyroxasulfone 127.5 g/ha has been found effective against the resistant populations of Phalaris with 5.37 and 5.42 t/ha grain yield. The current study demonstrated that PE application of pyroxasulfone at 127.5 g/ha would be a suitable option for the control of resistant populations of Phalaris in wheat in Punjab.

Email

tarundhaliwal@pau.edu

Address

Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India
Performance of different herbicides on wheat grain yield and correlation between growth and yield attributes of wheat and weeds
Amandeep Kaur and Samunder Singh
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00029.7 | Volume: 51 Page No:129-132 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted at Siswal, Hisar, Haryana during 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the effect of different herbicides applied alone or mixtures on weeds and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Significantly higher grain yield was obtained in weed free treatment, which was statistically similar with pinoxaden + metsulfuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden treatments, but significantly higher than all other treatments during both the years. Weed free, pinoxaden + metsufuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden treatments produced 70.9, 67.7 and 64.9; 69.4, 67.0 and 64.3% higher grain yield as compared to weedy check treatment, respectively during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Statistically similar grain yield was recorded in pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin treatments, it was 54.1 and 51.1; 55.3 and 52.4% higher to weedy check treatment, respectively during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Application of flumioxazin and flumioxazin + pendimethalin provided effective weed control, but grain yield was lower due to crop phytotoxicity after first irrigation in light texture soils. Significant positive correlation between grain yield, growth and yield attributes, per cent control of weeds and weed control efficiency, but negative correlation was observed between grain yield and weed dry weight, panicle length, seeds/panicle, test weight of wild oat and weed index.

Email

aman.in.pau@gmail.com

Address

Department of Agronomy CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Pre- and post-emergence herbicide sequences for management of multiple herbicide-resistant littleseed canary grass in wheat
Maninder Kaur, Satbir Singh Punia, Jagdev Singh and Samunder Singh
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00030.3 | Volume: 51 Page No:133-138 |
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Abstract:

Littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor) is the ubiquitous and pernicious grass weed of wheat in rice-wheat cropping system in north-western Indo- Gangetic plains of India. A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16 in a farmers field infested with P. minor having history of poor control with acetyl-CoA-carboxylase inhibitors in village Nangla, district Fatehabad, Haryana, India with an objective to compare pre-emergence only, post-emergence only and pre-emergence followed by post-emergence herbicide treatments for control of P. minor in wheat. The sequential application of pre-emergence pendimethalin 1.5 kg/ha fb post-emergence pinoxaden + metsulfuron 64 g/ha and pre-emergence pendimethalin 1.5 kg/ha fb post-emergence mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron 14.4 g/ha provided 88-93% control of P. minor compared to alone pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments. Grain yield of wheat increased significantly by 69-78% with pre-emergence pendimethalin 1.5 kg/ha fb post-emergence pinoxaden + metsulfuron 64 g/ha or pre-emergence pendimethalin 1.5 kg/ha fb post-emergence mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron 14.4      g/ha due to significant increase in yield attributes. Alone pre- or post-emergence herbicides provided ineffective control of P. minor (44-66%) and recorded lower grain yield. It was concluded that herbicide sequences having both pre- and post-emergence herbicides would be better option as compared to their alone applications in order to manage resistant populations of P. minor in wheat.   

Email

maninder.sindhu@yahoo.com

Address

Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
Floristic composition and distribution of weeds in different crop ecosystems of Jorhat in India
Rupam Sarmah
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00031.5 | Volume: 51 Page No:139-144 |
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Abstract:

The present communication pertains to major weeds of different crop ecosystems of Jorhat in India. The study was based on extensive and intensive fields surveys made during different months of rainy and dry season 2016-2018. Surveys were made in five important crops ecosystems of total eight developmental blocks of Jorhat district during both Kharif and Rabi seasons of the year. Vegetation data were collected followed by quadrat methods and analyzed for density, frequency, diversity and importance value index (IVI) for each crop ecosystems. Interspecific association was also analyzed for ten dominant weed species followed by Cole’s index.  During this period, a total of 82 weed species were reported of which 56 species were recorded from the transplanted Kharif rice fields, while 61 weed species were recorded from the Rabi crop fields. The five dominant weed families in the study area were Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Onagraceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae.

Email

rupam1915@gmail.com

Address

Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788 011, India
Mesotrione and atrazine combination to control diverse weed flora in maize
R.S. Chhokar, R.K. Sharma, S.C. Gill and R.K. Singh
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00032.7 | Volume: 51 Page No:145-150 |
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Abstract:

Field and pot studies were conducted during two rainy (Kharif) seasons of 2013 and 2014 to identify the effectiveness and optimum dose of mesotrione and atrazine combination for diverse weed flora management in maize. The weed control treatments evaluated in field experiment were pre-emergence atrazine 1000 g/ha and post-emergence 2,4-D-Na 1000 g/ha, mesotrione 120 g/ha and ready mixture of mesotrione with atrazine in ratio of 1:10 w/w (Calaris Xtra 275 SC) at 750, 875 and 1000 g/ha. The major weeds infested were Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Trianthema portulacastrum, Digera arvensis and Phyllanthus niruri. The uncontrolled weed competition reduced the maize yield by 38.7 to 54.0%. Mesotrione 120 g/ha was effective in controlling the broad-leaved weeds but was poor in controlling grass weeds. The weed control with pre-emergence atrazine 1000 g/ha was also not consistent. However, in pot and field studies, ready or tank mixture of mesotrione with atrazine was synergistic and superior in controlling weeds than to sole mesotrione and atrazine applications. The weed control efficiencies with ready-mixture of mesotrione + atrazine (1:10 w/w) at 875 and 1000 g/ha ranged 89-99%. Mesotrione plus atrazine at 875 and 1000 g/ha yielded (7.74-8.11 t/ha) significantly higher as compared to mesotrione 120 g/ha (5.83-5.96 t/ha), atrazine 1000 g/ha (5.93-6.70 t/ha) and 2.4-D-Na 1000 g/ha (3.82-5.30 t/ha) applications, as well as, untreated weedy check (3.73-4.76 t/ha). The results showed that mesotrione and atrazine combination has synergistic effect, which can be used for managing diverse weed flora in maize.

Email

rs_chhokar@yahoo.co.in

Address

Resource Management Unit, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
Impact of imazethapyr and its ready-mix combination with imazamox to control weeds in blackgram
S.S. Rana, Gurdeep Singh, M.C. Rana, Neelam Sharma, Sanjay Kumar, Gurpreet Singh and D. Badiyala
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00033.9 | Volume: 51 Page No:151-157 |
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Abstract:

The bio-efficiency of imazethapyr and its combination with imazamox or pendimethalin in comparison to hand weeding against weeds, their effect on growth, yield and phytotoxicity on black gram and residual effect on succeeding mustard crop were studied during 2014-15 and 2015-16. Hand weeding twice resulted in the highest overall weed control efficiency followed by pre-emergence application of imazethapyr + imazamox 80 g/ha, pre-emergence imazethapyr + imazamox 70 g/ha and pre-emergence imazethapyr + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha. Hand weeding twice and pre-emergence imazethapyr + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha were comparable to pre-emergence imazethapyr + imazamox 70 g/ha for seed yield. With every increase of one weed per square metre, the blackgram seed yield was reduced by 2.1 kg/ha. Similarly with every g/m2 increase in weed weight, the blackgram yield was subjected to fall by 5.1 kg/ha. The economic threshold levels i.e. No/m2 and g/m2 with the weed management practices studied varied between 8.3 – 42.0/m2 and 3.5-17.6 g/m2. Weed persistence index (WPI) was lowest and crop resistance index (CRI) was highest in the hand weeding twice treatment. Post-emergence application of imazethapyr 70 and 80 g/ha and imazethapyr + imazamox 70 and 80 g/ha caused mild toxicity during 2014 and had therefore lower crop resistance index. Efficiency index was the highest under hand weeding followed by pre-emergence application of imazethapyr + imazamox 80 g/ha, pre-emergence imazethapyr + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha and pre-emergence imazethapyr 80 g/ha. Weed index indicated 55.4% reduction in yield of blackgram due to weeds. Pre-emergence imazethapyr 80 g/ha, imazethapyr + imazamox 80 g/ha, imazethapyr 70 g/ha and imazethapyr + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha had higher overall impact index than hand weeding due to lower cost. Residual effect/phytotoxicity was not observed on succeeding crop of mustard during 2014 and 2015 as well.

Email

ranass_dee@rediffmail.com

Address

Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 062, India
Integrated weed management in cotton under irrigated conditions of Haryana
S.S. Punia, Manjeet, Dhrambir Yadav and Ankur Choudhry
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00034.0 | Volume: 51 Page No:158-162 |
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Abstract:

To study the effect of selective and non-selective post-emergence herbicides on weeds and yield of cotton, a field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of Kharif 2014 and 2015 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar.The experimental field was pre-dominantly infested with natural population of jungle rice (Echinochloa colona L.) and carpet weed (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) to the extent of 79 and 21% in 2014 and 71 and 29% during 2015, respectively. Application of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha supplemented with other two hoeings at 20 and 50 DAS or one hoeing and post-emergence application of quizalofop-p-ethyl at 60 g/ha or one hoeing and post-emergence application of propaquizafop-p-ethyl at 62.5 g/ha at 60 DAS caused significant reduction in density and dry wt. of weeds as compared to weedy check up to harvest in both the years. Protected spray of glyphosate (0.5%) integrated with pendimethalin or paraquat (0.3%) with  parthiobac Na fb quizalofop-p-ethyl being at par with three mechanical weedings (at 20,40 and 60 DAS) helped to significantly reduce the population and dry weight of weeds at 90 DAS over weedy check. Weeds throughout the crop growing season reduced seed yield by 49.9 and 47.2% during 2014 and 2015, respectively. During 2014, all the treatments involving directed spray of either glyphosate or paraquat caused 8.3 - 10% toxicity to cotton crop where in 2015 the toxicity in these treatments was 5-8%. In 2014, maximum WCE (96.9%) was obtained with use of pendimethalin fb directed spray of glyphosate but during 2015, it was 83.3 with application of parthiobac-Na fb quizalofop-p-ethyl fb directed spray of glyphosate.Pendimethalin fb parthiobac-sodium caused maximum uptake of nitrogen during 2014 and 2015, which was 23.37 kg/ha and 24.68 kg/ha, respectively.

Email

puniasatbir@gmail.com

Address

Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Atrazine use to control weeds and its residue determination in fodder crops of maize and sorghum
Pijush Kanti Mukherjee, Shobha Sondhia1, Putan Singh and R.L. Sagar
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00035.2 | Volume: 51 Page No:163-168 |
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Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted at the fodder farm of ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar campus, Bareilly. Different doses of atrazine (0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 2.00 kg/ha) as pre- and post-emergence were applied. The weedy check plots of fodder maize were largely infested by Trianthema portulacastrum, T. monogyna followed by other broad-leaved weeds during 1st year. However, during 2nd year, infestation of these weeds were considerably lower due to higher seed rate and use of ferti-seed-drill. In double-cut fodder sorghum, Trianthema sp. recorded the highest absolute density and absolute frequency followed by sedge (Cyperus esculentus), grasses (Digitaria ciliaris, Setaria glauca) and other broad-leaved weeds (Coccinia grandis, Celosia argentea and Cleome viscosa). The broad-leaved weeds Ageratum conyzoides and Sonchus oleraceus appeared after 1st cutting. In fodder maize, atrazine with all the doses as pre- and post-emergence showed effectiveness. Weeds in weedy check treatment caused a yield reduction of 22.6%, however, in 2nd year the value was 1.7% due to restricted weed growth. Most significant results were recorded in weedy check treatment in which 60.3% yield increment of green fodder maize was registered in 2nd year over 1st year and this resulted in the highest benefit: cost ratio of 3.15. ` 52,400/ha more profit was recorded over broadcasting method of sowing. Higher seed rate (63 kg/ha) along with the use of ferti-seed-drill was equally effective with atrazine treatments. In double-cut sorghum, pre-emergence treatments of atrazine 0.75 kg/ha and above recorded comparatively higher green fodder yield than post-emergence treatments. Weedy check treatment recorded the weed index value of 17.9%. Cumulative green fodder yield (1st and 2nd cut) was highest in weed-free treatment closely followed by atrazine 2.0 kg/ha as pre-emergence treatment. Additional investment of ` 2020/ha after 1st cutting registered the additional net returns of ` 43,100/ha. This indicated the benefits of growing double-cut sorghum and also shown the importance of growing multi-cut and perennial fodder crops. Both the green fodder crops contained atrazine residue at harvest.

 

Email

pijushivri@gmail.com

Address

ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar (IVRI), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
Effect of compost extract compost of Parthenium hysterophorus on seed germination and growth of mustard, wheat and weeds
Mallik Baby Babita Das B.D. Acharya, M. Saquib and M.K. Chettri
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00036.4 | Volume: 51 Page No:169-172 |
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Abstract:

This study was conducted at Research laboratory, Botany Department Amrit Campus, Kathmandu, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, in the year 2015-2016 to investigate the allelopathic effects of compost extract and soil amended with compost invasive weed Parthenium weed on seed germination and seedling growth of two crops Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and some common weeds (Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora and Cyperus rotundus). Parthenium hysterophorus was collected before flowering and matured seeds of Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conyzoides, Galinsoga parviflora and Cyperus rotundus were collected from different sites around Kathmandu valley like Kirtipur and Bhaktapur areas. The compost extract of Parthenium of different concentration (control, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10%) and Parthenium compost (control, 10, 20, 40 and 50 g compost/kg soil) were used to determine its effect on seed germination, shoot and root length of T. aestivum and B. campestris and selected common weed seeds under laboratory condition. The compost extracts of Parthenium caused significant reduction in seed germination, seedling length (shoot and root length) of selected crops and weeds. The selected common weeds showed more reduction in germination and vegetative shoot and root length in comparison to crop plants (B. campestris and T. aestivum) in the soil amended with the compost of Parthenium. 

Email

babitamallik@yahoo.com

Address

Botany Department, Amrit Campus, Lainchaur, Tribhuban University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Pre- and post-emergence herbicidal effect on weeds, fodder yield and quality of berseem in lowland region of Western Himalayas
Mahendra Singh Pal
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00037.6 | Volume: 51 Page No:173-177 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was carried out during winter seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to study the effect of pre- and post- emergence herbicides on weeds, fodder yield and quality of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). The experimental results indicated that pre emergence application of pendimethalin (1000 g/ha) followed by imazethapyr (100 g/ha) just after 1st cut produced significantly higher green and dry fodder yields, crude protein and net returns but alone application of pendimethalin at 1000 g/ha had the highest B:C ratio. The pooled values indicated that the lowest weed population was observed at application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (1666 + 100 g/ha). The fresh and dry weight of weeds were recorded significantly lower under oxyflourfen + imazethapyr at 425 + 100 g/ha (just after 1st cut) in both the years, while pooled weed control efficiency was found significantly highest under oxyflourfen + imazethapyr at 425 + 100 g/ha (just after Ist cut). It is therefore, concluded that the application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 1000 + 100 g/ha may be recommended for effective weed control as well as higher fodder yield, its quality and net profit in berseem growing areas of lowland (Tarai) region of Western Himalayas.

Email

drmspal1@gmail.com

Address

GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India
In vitro evaluation of low dosages of 2,4-D on germination and seedling growth of wheat and associated weeds
Avneet Kaur and Navjyot Kaur
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00038.8 | Volume: 51 Page No:178-182 |
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Abstract:

Hormesis is a biphasic dose response to an environmental agent characterized by low dose stimulation and high dose inhibitory or toxic effect. In order to develop an effective weed management system, the stimulatory and/or inhibitory response of low doses of herbicides on germination and growth of weeds should be considered. Thus, a laboratory study was conducted to test the effect of low dosages of 2,4-D on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and associated dicotyledonous weeds. Low dosages of 2,4-D (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 50 g/ha) failed to accelerate either seed germination or seedling growth of T. aestivum and tested four weed species –Phalaris minor Retz., Avena ludoviciana Durieu., Medicago denticulata Willd. and Rumex dentatus L. under in vitro conditions  in Petri-dishes. The application of 2,4-D inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of these weeds in a dose dependent manner with higher concentrations being more inhibitory. The sodium formulation of 2,4-D more adversely affected the germination of P. minor and A. ludoviciana as compared to its ethyl ester formulation. The results indicated that 2,4-D when used as a post-emergence herbicide in wheat fields can delay the emergence of new flushes of weeds like P. minor, A. ludoviciana, M. denticulata and R. dentatus due to its inhibitory effect on their germination. It could be concluded that low doses of 2,4-D did not enhance germination/seedling growth of wheat and associated weeds.

Email

avneetatwal1995@gmail.com

Address

Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India
Aquatic weeds management through chemical and manual integration to reduce cost by manual removal alone and its effect on water quality
Adikant Pradhan and Shushil Kumar
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00039.X | Volume: 51 Page No:183-187 |
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Abstract:

Dlapat sagar reservoir is one of the prominent aquatic bodies in Jagdalpur of Bastar region of Chhattisgarh state in India. The reservoir was severely infested by aquatic weeds for last many years. An experiment was done to evaluate the integration of herbicides and manual/mechanical approaches to reduce the cost in comparison to manual removal alone. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. glyphosate 2.0 and 1.0 kg/ha (41 SL), paraquat 2.0 and 1.0 kg/ha (24 SL) and 2,4-D (amine salt 58% SL) 2.0 and 1.0 kg/ha dissolving in 500 litre water, manual removal and control was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at reservoir located at 1905’41"N and 8200’43"E with elevation of 563 m MSL during 2016 and 2017. The aquatic body was covered with thick mat of different weeds entangled with each other. Herbicides were sprayed to loosen the entangled weed biomass followed by manual and mechanical removal after 25 to 30 days. Glyphostae, 2,4-D and paraquat were mixed with sticker (Latron AG-98) and were sprayed in three replications by power spray machine (1HP HTP MAK ASPEE) mounted on the boat. The pH of water was gradually increased from 6.79 to 7.09 while EC and TDS from 0.33 to 0.30 (mS/cm2) and 101 to 207 (mg/l), respectively. The minimum density and dry matter was recorded with manual/mechanical removal followed by application of glyphosate 2.0 kg/ha, which was significantly superior over control and lower dose of other two herbicides and found statistically at par with 2,4-D amine salt 58% SL and applied at higher dose (2.0 kg/ha) during both the years. Glyphosate (2.0 kg/ha) was found effective in controlling weeds with the cost of ` 19,660/- and ` 18080 per hectare during 2016 and 2017, respectively with weed control efficiency of 86.4, 84.3; 79.1, 82.2 and 83.8, 88.3 % for water hyacinth, lotus and alligator weeds during 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Email

adi19agro@gmail.com

Address

S.G. College of Agriculture & Research Station, IGKV, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh 494 005, India
Suppression of seed setting and viability in phytoplasma-infected Parthenium weed in nature through differential gene expression
Neeraj Kumar Dubey, Pawan Yadav, Nisha Gupta, Kapil Gupta, Jogeswar Panigrahi, Aditya Kumar Gupta
Research article | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00040.6 | Volume: 51 Page No:188-197 |
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Abstract:

The phytoplasma-mediated witches’ broom disease in Parthenium hysterophorus L., a notorious weed, inhibits flower formation and percentage of seed setting. Even the seeds produced from infected plants showed poor viability and reduced rate of germination. Expression analysis of three orthologous genes in P. hysterophorus, namely, APETALA-1 (PhAP1), ubiquitin binding protein (PhDA1), and RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase (PhATL80) showed significant variation in their transcription levels. Expression of PhAP1, PhDA1, and PhATL80 was higher in apical shoot bud and inflorescence than in other studied tissues. Infected plants showed suppressed expression of PhAP1 and PhATL80 in the inflorescences while no significant variation was observed in PhDA1 expression. This resulted in floral to vegetative transition, causing phyllody and virescence, and lesser seed setting.

These findings suggest that in naturally phytoplasma-infected P. hysterophorus, expression of gene(s) participating in floral development as well as seed setting at onset of the reproductive phase is suppressed.

Email

guptaditya1954@gmail.com

Address

Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305 817, India
Rice cultivation using plastic mulch under saturated moisture regime and its implications on weed management, water saving, productivity and profitability
B. Gangaiah1, M.B.B. Prasad babu, P.C. Latha, T.Vidhan Singh and P. Raghuveer Rao
Research note | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00041.8 | Volume: 51 Page No:198-202 |
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Abstract:

A Rabi season (2012-13) field investigation was carried out at Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad to assess the impact of saturated moisture regime (SMR) with and without plastic mulching (black and transparent) in transplanted rice (TPR) on weed menace, water saving, productivity and economics as compared to 5 cm standing water regime (SWR) rice in RBD with six replications. Results revealed that no-mulch SMR rice has 37.3 and 80.2% higher weed count and thus 26.8 and 114.1% lower weed control efficiency than SWR rice culture at 20 and 40 days after transplanting. Plastic mulching (PM) with SMR has reduced the weed count and weed biomass in rice by over 90% as compared to no-mulch-SWR rice. Labour days required for weeding were enhanced by 50% under SMR (30 man days) as compared SWR (20 man days). SMR had 35% irrigation water (IW) economy but with 7.1% grain yield penalty (0.34 t/ha) as compared to SWR (100 cm IW use and 4.79 t/ha grain yield). When SMR was combined with plastic mulching (PM), there was aless yield depression (0.10-0.18 t/ha) when compared to SWR. SWR has more net returns (` 42,160/ha) than SMR (` 30,750). High cost of PM (` 23,000/ha) with SMR has masked gains in IW, weeding costs saving and higher yields. SMR can be adopted without any challenges but weed management through PM is desired with added advantage of water economy. Reducing cost of plastic mulches and evolving biodegradable plastics may make SMR rice culture a reality.

Email

bandlagangaiah1167@gmail.com

Address

Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 030, India
equential application of herbicides for weed management in rainfed lowland rice
G. Gangireddy, D. Subramanyam, S. Hemalatha and B. Ramana Murthy
Research note | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00042.X | Volume: 51 Page No:203-205 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of (Kharif) 2018 at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh to find out the effect of sequential application of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on weed growth and yield of rainfed lowland rice. The present study has revealed that pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1000 g/ha fb florpyrauxifen-benzyl 25 g/ha or halosulfuron-methyl 65.7 g/ha applied at 20 DAS resulted in the highest grain yield and economic returns as well as broad-spectrum weed control in rainfed lowland rice.

Email

subbuagro37@gmail.com

Address

Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517 502, India
Integration of post-emergence herbicide application with hand weeding for managing weeds in transplanted rice
N.V. Kashid
Research note | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00043.1 | Volume: 51 Page No:206-208 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2015 to 2017 for three years at Agricultural Research Station, Vadgaon Maval, Pune, Maharashtra to find out the economical methods of weed control in transplanted rice. Post-emergence application of bispyribac-sodium 0.020 kg/ha (PoE) at 21 days after transplanting (DAT) followed by (fb) hand weeding at 45 DAT has effectively managed weeds in transplanted rice and produced the highest net returns (` 70107/ha) with higher B:C ratio (2.3) having lower weed index (2.83) and higher weed control efficiency (87.74 %).

Email

kashidnv@gmail.com

Address

Agricultural Research Station, Vadgaon Maval, Pune 412 106, Maharashtra, India
Weed floristic diversity in diversified cropping systems under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Gurpreet Singh, Pawan Pathania, S.S. Rana and S.C. Negi
Research note | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00044.3 | Volume: 51 Page No:209-213 |
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Abstract:

The present study was carried out in a continuing experiment at the Bhadiarkhar farm of the CSK HPKV. Eight cropping systems were evaluated during 2016-17 for their effects on weed menace under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. There were 24 weed species, which invaded different cropping systems. During Kharif, Ageratum sp. (28%) Cynodon dactylon (20%) and Commelina benghalensis (19%) were the predominant weeds. In Rabi, Phalaris minor (63%) was the most dominating weed followed by Coronopus didymus (10%) and Spergula arvensis (6%). In traditional ‘rice-wheat’ system 14 species in Rabi and 8 in Kharif season were found associated and species richness varied with diversification of systems. In Rabi, the highest diversity of weed species was in rice-wheat system and in Kharif weed flora was more diverse in okra, turmeric and colocasia based systems and was lower in rice-based systems. During Kharif, Cynodon dactylon had the highest important value index (IVI) irrespective of the cropping system followed by C. benghalensis. Monochoria vaginalis was the important weed in rice-based cropping systems while Ageratum sp. was important in upland systems. Ageratum sp., Polygonum sp. and C. dactylon invaded the experimental field both during Kharif and Rabi. In Rabi, P. minor had the highest IVI in all the cropping systems.

Email

gurpreetpitho@gmail.com

Address

Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 062, India
Enhancing productivity and profitability through herbicidal weed control in sesame
M.P. Sahu, Namrata Jain, Uma Bermaiya, Vinamarta Jain and Ashwan Kumar
Research note | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00045.5 | Volume: 51 Page No:214-216 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh during Kharif, 2016 to find out the suitable herbicides for weed control in sesame. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with twelve treatments, viz. pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 750 g/ha, post-emergence herbicides; quizalofop-ethyl at 40 and 50 g/ha, fenoxaprop-ethyl at 75 and 100 g/ha, pendimethalin at 750 g/ha fb quizalofop at 40 and 50 g/ha, pendimethalin at 750 g/ha fb fenoxaprop at 75 and 100 g/ha, pendimethalin fb one hand weeding at 20 DAS, two hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS and weedy check. Hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS recorded the lowest intensity and dry weight of total weeds (2.74 g/m2) followed by pendimethalin fb one hand weeding (3.35 g/m2) and these treatments significantly reduced the intensity and dry weight of total weeds over rest of the herbicidal treatments and weedy check. Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin fb post-emergence, quizalofop and fenoxaprop significantly reduced the weed dry weight over alone application of pendimethalin. The net profit was the highest under two hand weeding (` 35,099/ha) followed by pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding (` 30,365/ha) and pendimethalin fb fenoxaprop-ethyl at 100 g/ha (` 27,811/ha), whereas the B:C ratio was higher under the application of pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb fenoxaprop-ethyl 100 g/ha (2.72).

Email

j_namrata1@rediffmail.com

Address

Department of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482 004, India
Response of mulching and weed management practices on weed control, yield and economics of garlic
M.T. Sanjay, G.N. Dhanapal, P. Nagarjun and A. Sandeep
Research note | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2019.00046.7 | Volume: 51 Page No:217-219 |
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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of  (Kharif) 2014 and 2015 at Main Research Station, Hebbal, Bengaluru to know the bio-efficacy of different herbicides against weeds and their effect on growth, yield of garlic and to study the integrated impact of mulching and herbicides on weed growth and to know phytotoxicity effect, if any. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with ten treatments, comprising with and without paddy straw mulch 5.0 t/ha in main-plot and weed management methods like pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha, oxyflurofen at 0.22 kg/ha, oxadiargyl at 0.14 kg/ha, manual weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check in sub-plot. Results revealed that among weed management practices, significantly higher bulb yield was obtained in oxadiargyl 0.14 kg/ha (6.6 t/ha in 2014 and 6.2 t/ha in 2015), at par with manual weeding (6.5 t/ha in 2014 and 6.0 t/ha in 2015), due to lower weed density and dry weight resulting in higher net returns and benefit:cost ratio.

Email

mt.sanjay@gmail.com

Address

University of Agricultural Sciences (B), MRS, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024, India

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